质子交换膜燃料电池MnO2-Pt/C复合催化剂阴极的富氧作用

质子交换膜燃料电池空气电极阴极催化剂的富氧作用是提高其性能的关键.应用化学氧化法制备MnO2-Pt/C复合催化剂,研究MnO2的富氧作用,应用CV、CP、TEM等方法表征该催化剂,并组装成单电池测试其性能.     

一种新型的空气扰动探测方法

基于光折变材料的二波耦合特性提出了一种新型的空气扰动探测方法。空气中的微扰导致入射到光折变材料中两束光的光程差发生改变，干涉条纹随之发生变化。由于光折变体相位栅建立时间比较长，体相位栅不能及时跟随干涉条纹发生变化，导致干涉条纹与体相位栅间的相移将随空气扰动信息的变化而变化。相移角的改变将导致瞬态能量转移，输出两束光的能量在瞬态能量转移作用下将实现对空气扰动信息的光调制，并且这种调制过程是一种差分调制方式。在接收端采用电差分检测方法便可解调出空气扰动信息。这种利用光折变体相位栅的差分探测方法在未来的探测领域将有广泛的应用前景。     

Interaction of light filaments in air

This paper analytically investigates the interaction of light filaments generated by a femtosecond laser beam in air. It obtains the Hamiltonian of a total laser field and interaction force between two filaments with different phase shifts and crossing angles. The property of the interaction force, which leads the attraction or repulsion of filaments, is basically dependent on the phase shift between filaments. The crossing angle between two filaments can only determine the magnitude of the interaction force, but does not change the property of the force.     

电子弛豫过程对重复频率高功率微波大气击穿的影响

 研究了重复频率高功率微波脉冲作用下的大气击穿。分析了重复频率脉冲作用下电子的弛豫过程,对脉冲间隔时间内电子温度和自由电子密度的变化规律进行了研究,得出了电子温度弛豫时间远小于电子密度弛豫时间的结论。分析了电子弛豫过程的附着效应和复合效应,给出了高功率微波重复频率脉冲作用下发生大气击穿的条件和重复频率高功率微波大气击穿的电子数密度方程。     

叶片锯齿尾缘对降低空调室外机气动噪声影响的试验研究

依据现有的叶片尾迹宽度计算公式,计算了一空调室外机风机叶片的尾迹宽度,然后,以此尾迹宽度为参考基准,设计了两组不同形状和大小的锯齿形叶片尾缘,制作并试验研究了锯齿形尾缘对风机气动噪声的影响规律。结果表明,锯齿尾缘有明显降噪效果,正弦形锯齿较正三角形更好。锯齿尾缘通过降低宽频噪声降噪,而对离散噪声影响很小。采用与叶片尾迹...     

不同温度下空气比热容比测量装置的研究

针对大学物理实验现有测量空气比热容比装置存在的不足,研制了可测量不同温度下空气的比热容比的装置,包括贮气瓶、压力传感器、温度传感器及水浴系统.该装置可使贮气瓶内空气保持在30～90℃之间的任一温度.每隔10℃测量空气的比热容比值,实验结果表明空气比热容比随温度上升而下降.     

Spectroscopic Studies of the Stability of Doped Polythiophenes Under Air

Abstract

The stability of the doped state of conductive polythiophenes under air was investigated by the use of Infrared (IR) and UV-visible (UV) spectroscopies. Poly(3-methyl thiophene) doped with BF₃-ethyl ether (BFEE). shows higher stability due to its stereoregularity-chain structure. While the doped polythiophene (PT) degrades easily under the moisture.     

Numerical investigation of the physics of rotating-detonation-engines

Rotating-detonation-engines (RDE’s) represent an alternative to the extensively studied pulse-detonation-engines (PDE’s) for obtaining propulsion from the high efficiency detonation cycle. Since it has received considerably less attention, the general flow-field and effect of parameters such as stagnation conditions and back pressure on performance are less well understood than for PDE’s. In this article we describe results from time-accurate calculations of RDE’s using algorithms that have successfully been used for PDE simulations previously. Results are obtained for stoichiometric hydrogen–air RDE’s operating at a range of stagnation pressures and back pressures. Conditions within the chamber are described as well as inlet and outlet conditions and integrated quantities such as total mass flow, force, and specific impulse. Further computations examine the role of inlet stagnation pressure and back pressure on detonation characteristics and engine performance. The pressure ratio is varied between 2.5 and 20 by varying both stagnation and back pressure to isolate controlling factors for the detonation and performance characteristics. It is found that the detonation wave height and mass flow rate are determined primarily by the stagnation pressure, whereas overall performance is closely tied to pressure ratio. Specific impulses are calculated for all cases and range from 2872 to 5511 s, and are lowest for pressure ratios below 4. The reason for performance loss is shown to be associated with the secondary shock wave structure that sets up in the expansion portion of the RDE, which strongly effects the flow at low pressure ratios. Expansion to supersonic flow behind the detonation front in RDE’s with higher pressure ratios isolate the detonation section of the RDE and thus limit the effect of back pressure on the detonation characteristics.     

轮背空腔-密封气对CAES向心涡轮变工况流动损失的影响

本文以国内首套MW级压缩空气储能(CAES)系统末级向心涡轮为研究对象,通过数值模拟分析了变工况条件下轮背空腔-密封气对等熵效率和流场结构的影响.结果表明:在求解中考虑轮背空腔-密封气结构能够使等熵效率数值解的偏差减小0.7%;随涡轮进口压力增加,轮背空腔泄漏流由叶片吸力面中部叶高区域逐渐向轮毂转移,流动损失先增加后减小;合理降低轮背空腔泄漏气体的轴向速度,能够减弱轮背空腔-密封气结构对等熵效率的负面影响,使向心涡轮在较宽的变工况范围内都保持高效运行.     

固液混合装药热传导特性对其安全性影响的计算研究

固液混合装药物理参数是影响装药安全性的主要因素之一,利用混合炸药计算物理参数的方法,计算了几种典型配比装药的物理参数,根据能量守恒方程对不同物理参数的装药进行数值模拟。计算得到:在温度载荷相同的条件下,不同的物理参数对其温度响应有较大的差别,说明分析固液混合装药安全性时,应考虑装药不同比例对其安全性的影响,才能真实反应热点能量演化过程,为分析固液混合装药的安全性提供一定的理论依据。