The Effects of Wheat Bran Composition on the Production of Biomass-Hydrolyzing Enzymes by Penicillium decumbens

The effects of the starch, protein, and soluble oligosaccharides contents in wheat bran on the extracellular biomass-hydrolyzing enzymes activities released by Penicillium decumbens mycelia grown in batch fermentations have been examined. The results showed increased starch content correlated directly with an increase in released amylase activity but inversely with the levels of secreted cellulase and xylanase. High amounts of protein in wheat bran also reduced the activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease in the culture medium. The effects of the soluble and insoluble components of wheat bran and cello-oligosaccharides supplements on production of extracellular cellulase and xylanase were compared. The soluble cello-oligosaccharides compositions in wheat bran were proved to be one of the most significant factors for cellulase production. According to the results of this research, determining and regulating the composition of wheat bran used as a fermentation supplement may allow for improved induction of cellulase and xylanase production.     

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法建立谷物中18种真菌毒素非靶向筛查数据库及确证方法

建立了基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)的18种真菌毒素非靶向筛查方法。真菌毒素标准物质用HSS T3色谱柱进行色谱分离后在UPLC-Q-TOF/MS MS^E模式下分别用正、负离子模式采集,获取MS和MS/MS的信息,记录对应保留时间、加合物离子、碎片离子精确质量数等信息,设置保留时间偏移为0.3 min,加合物离子和碎片离子的精确质量匹配容差为5×10^-6,在UNIFI中建立18种真菌毒素的数据库。在稻谷、小麦基质中,以筛查检出限(SDL)作为主要参数对筛查方法进行了验证。18种真菌毒素分为有最大限量和无最大限量两种类型,结果有最大限量的真菌毒素均能在其限量水平被准确筛查,无最大限量的真菌毒素其SDL的范围为2～800μg/kg。基质效应考察表明,稻谷中有14种真菌毒素有中等基质效应,小麦中有11种真菌毒素有中等基质效应。样品经乙腈提取后用QuEChERS萃取盐包和HLB净化柱净化,用建立的方法对25批稻谷、小麦进行筛查,结果2批稻谷中检出4种真菌毒素,2批小麦中检出2种真菌毒素。该方法能准确筛查SDL水...     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量小麦粉中铅、镉、砷和铬

在我国局部都存在不同程度的铅、镉、砷和铬的土壤和水资源污染,土壤和水域中的有毒有害元素经食物链累积在人体,对人们的身体造成极大的危害,因此对食品中这些限量元素进行准确高效定量非常必要。本文建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对小麦粉中的Pb、Cd、As和Cr进行测量,测量方法采用内标法,内标元素选择Rh、In和Bi。另外对微波消解前处理方法和ICP-MS使用参数进行了优化,测量方法简单高效。工作标准曲线呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9999。该方法采用GBW(E)100493小麦粉标准物质和NIST 1567b Wheat Flour对本实验所采用的方法进行验证,结果显示测量值和标准值一致,表明本实验中小麦粉中Pb、Cd、As和Cr的测定方法是准确可靠的。     

正交实验法在小麦粉中甲醛振荡提取条件的应用研究

小麦粉中甲醛的提取问题是一个比较复杂的多因素问题。采用正交实验法,选用L9(34)正交实验表,在提取试剂、提取温度、提取时间等多个因素和水平中优选小麦粉中甲醛振荡提取的最佳条件。实验中甲醛提取量采用Nash试剂柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定。结果表明,提取温度是小麦粉中甲醛提取的最主要因素,最佳的提取条件为提取温度30℃、提取液为硫酸钠、提取时间为40min。     

冠醚对小麦、水稻某些生理特性及穗部经济性状的影响初报

以两种冠醇化合物馆和漆酚冠醚（ＳＵ１５－Ｃ－５）和苯并１５－冠－５（Ｂ１５－Ｃ－５）分别处理小麦种子和水稻秧根，研究了冠醚对两种作物某些生理特性和穗部经济性状的影响．结果表明，冠醚能促进小麦幼苗生长，提高水稻叶片中叶绿素（ａ十ｂ）含量，减小叶绿素ａ／ｂ比值，对穗部经济性状均显示出良好效果，尤其是饱和漆酚冠醚的良好生理效应更为突出．     

水溶性壳聚糖浸种对小麦幼苗抗性相关酶活性的影响

利用0.5 g/L的5 种水溶性壳聚糖分别对小麦进行浸种处理,在幼苗发育的5 个时期对叶内苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性进行测定.壳聚糖处理降低叶内苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性.多酚氧化酶活性变化不显著,初期酶活性较对照高,随幼苗发育先降后升.壳聚糖浸种处理显著提高叶内过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性.5种分子量中以10×103的壳聚糖C浸种处理小麦幼苗叶内抗性相关酶活性强.     

Spaghetti Enriched with Inulin: Effect of Polymerization Degree on Quality Traits and α-Amylase Inhibition

Inulin is considered a dietary fiber and represents a noteworthy ingredient for food biofortification due to its health effects and its neutral taste. The aim of the work was the evaluation of the quality of pasta produced using whole-meal flours of two ancient Sicilian landraces (Senatore Cappelli-CAP and Timilia—TIM) fortified with two types of inulin (long-chain topinambur inulin IT and low-chain chicory inulin IC), at two different levels of substitution (2 and 4%) to evaluate its possible effect on α-amylase inhibition. The color indices L* and a* were mainly influenced by cultivars, while IT improved the sensory attributes, mainly the elasticity sensation, and influenced less the other sensory attributes: adhesiveness, color, odor, taste, and Over Quality Score for both landraces. The cooking quality was linked mainly to the landrace used, due to the very different gluten matrix of CAP and TIM. IC and IT showed promising α-Amy inhibitory activity with comparable IC₅₀ values of 0.45 ± 0.04 and 0.50 ± 0.06 mg/mL. The enrichment of spaghetti with inulin with an inhibitory effect on α-amylase determined the hypoglycemic properties of pasta, thus lowering the corresponding IC₅₀ value.     

离子束次级辐射对春麦的诱变效应

利用中能重离子束辐照生物靶材料时产生的中子、γ射线和次级碎片等次级辐射对春麦种子进行辐照 ,然后通过田间试验和实验室的分析测定 ,得到了 M1代植株的变化 . (1 )在生物学性状中 ,穗粒数、小穗数、千粒重、穗粒重、小穗密度和有效分蘖数变异率较大 ;(2 )除 SOD活性外 ,POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量和蛋白质含量的变异率也较大 ;(3 )休眠种子和萌发种子辐照M1代在生物学性状的变化上存在很大的差异 ;(4)两个春麦材料的辐射敏感性差异明显 .由此表明 ,兰州重离子加速器辐照终端在进行生物学实验时产生的次级辐射是可能利用的诱变源. Secondary radiation such as neutrons, high energy light particees, γ rays is produced when ion beams with medium energy irradiate biological materials. Spring wheat was placed in radiobiological experiment area(irradiation terminal L2) to expose to the secondary radiation. The variation of M1 generation of the wheat seeds was obtained through test in the fields and measuremeat in laboratery: (1) There were very high variation rates in grain number, number of small...     

二(5-磺基水杨酸)含硼酸稀土合成及其对干旱小麦幼苗脂膜的保护作用

二(5-磺基水杨酸)含硼酸稀土合成及其对干旱小麦幼苗脂膜的保护作用;二(磺基水杨酸)含硼酸;稀土配合物;合成;表征;小麦幼苗;脂膜损伤保护     

基于核驱动模型参数反演的作物株型遥感识别

传统的单一方向遥感只能得到地面目标一个方向的辐射量,缺乏足够信息来同时推断像元的波谱和空间结构。多角度的反射光谱对于植被结构特征的估算及类型鉴别比垂直光谱具有明显的优越性。将多角度观测数据和核驱动模型结合,构建了基于核参数各向同性核所占比例(f_iso),几何光学核所占比例(f_geo)和体散射核所占比例(f_vol)的植被结构参数敏感指数(SPEI)来进行作物株型的遥感识别,并将SPEI与结构散射指数(SSI)和归一化差异参数指数(NDFI)等对紧凑型品种京411和披散型品种中优9507的实测多角度冠层方向反射率数据进行了核参数的反演,不同指数对作物株型结构表现出的敏感性依次为：SPEI＞SSI＞NDFI。SPEI较以往学者构建的指数对不同株型品种遥感识别具有更好的敏感性,该方法可以在其他作物上拓展应用,具有很好的理论基础和应用前景。