Reconstruction of band-limited signals from multichannel and periodic nonuniform samples in the linear canonical transform domain

Linear canonical transforms (LCTs) are a family of integral transforms with wide application in optical, acoustical, electromagnetic, and other wave propagation problems. This paper addresses the problem of signal reconstruction from multichannel and periodic nonuniform samples in the LCT domain. Firstly, the multichannel sampling theorem (MST) for band-limited signals with the LCT is proposed based on multichannel system equations, which is the generalization of the well-known sampling theorem for the LCT. We consider the problem of reconstructing the signal from its samples which are acquired using a multichannel sampling scheme. For this purpose, we propose two alternatives. The first scheme is based on the conventional Fourier series and inverse LCT operation. The second is based on the conventional Fourier series and inverse Fourier transform (FT) operation. Moreover, the classical Papoulis MST in FT domain is shown to be special case of the achieved results. Since the periodic nonuniformly sampled signal in the LCT has valuable applications, the reconstruction expression for the periodic nonuniformly sampled signal has been then obtained by using the derived MST and the specific space-shifting property of the LCT. Last, the potential applications of the MST are presented to show the advantage of the theory.     

Photonic generation of microwave signals using dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode fiber lasers

Photonic generation of microwave signals is demonstrated with a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber ring laser. Microwave signal with a frequency of 21.07 GHz is obtained by aligning the reflection band of a uniform fiber Bragg grating to the two transmission peaks within a fiber Bragg grating-based Fabry-Perot filter. Stable dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode operation is guaranteed by means of the combined filtering effect of a saturable absorber and the Fabry-Perot filter. This approach provides an effective solution to the photonic generation of high-frequency microwave signals.     

Weak decays of heavy baryons in the light-front approach

In this work, we analyse semi-leptonic and non-leptonic weak decays of the heavy baryons: Λ_b,Ξ_b,?_b and Λ_c,Ξ_c,?_c. For non-leptonic decay modes, we study only the factorizable channels induced by the external Wemission. The two spectator quarks in the baryonic transitions are treated as a diquark and form factors are calculated in the light-front approach. Using the results for form factors, we also calculate some corresponding semi-leptonic and non-leptonic decay widths. We find that our results are comparable with the available experimental data and other theoretical predictions. Decay branching fractions for many channels are found to reach the level 10~(-3)~10~(-2),which is promising for discovery in future measurements at BESIII, LHCb and Belle II. The SU(3) symmetry in semi-leptonic decays is examined and sources of symmetry breaking are discussed.     

基于压缩感知的欠定源信号恢复算法比较

构建了基于压缩感知的欠定盲源分离源信号恢复模型,比较研究了基于互补匹配追踪算法(CMP)、基于L1范数的互补匹配追踪算法(L1CMP)和基于修正牛顿的径向基函数算法(NRASR)实现欠定源信号恢复的应用效果。结果表明：源信号时域充分稀疏情况下,CMP,L1CMP和NRASR的恢复效果接近,但L1CMP算法计算复杂度最低;变换域充分稀疏情况下,CMP和L1CMP恢复效果接近,NRASR恢复效果较差;时域非充分稀疏情况下,CMP效果较差,L1CMP和NRASR效果接近。综合考虑,L1CMP算法效果最佳;在观测信号数和源数较少的情况下,算法在时域恢复信号精度会下降;稀疏表示法结合压缩感知重构能够提高源信号恢复的效果。     

小快拍高分辨目标方位估计算法 GMUSIC的性能分析*

针对水下运动阵列在运动过程中进行方位估计时存在快拍不足的问题,研究了基于随机矩阵理论的MUSIC改进算法GMUSIC,该方法通过Stieltjes变换建立起统计协方差矩阵真实特征值、特征向量与样本协方差矩阵之间在逼近域中的关联,以修正样本协方差特征分解的结果,进而实现小快拍方位估计。仿真与试验表明:GMUSIC算法可以更好地分辨相邻目标,且需要的快拍数较MUSIC算法要少;在低信噪比情况下,GMUSIC算法方位估计均方根误差远小于MUSIC算法,估计成功概率远大于MUSIC算法。因此,GMUSIC算法适用于解决水声目标的小快拍方位估计问题。     

无源RC积分器在多脉冲信号测量中的问题分析

由微分测量探头和积分器构成的微分积分测量系统广泛应用于脉冲电压和电流测量。依据无源RC积分器的等效电路,分析了在多脉冲信号测量中,无源RC积分器在实现微分信号的积分还原时,可以引起信号的平顶降和信号基线偏离,给出了平顶降和基线偏离与信号脉冲宽度和积分常数的定量关系,计算了在不同积分器参数和脉冲信号参数时的平顶降和基线偏离结果,并且与PSpice电路模拟结果进行了比较,两种结果一致。按照此定量关系,可以根据脉冲信号特点和测量要求,准确确定积分器参数。     

非线性物理破解神经编码机制

信息在神经系统中以脉冲点序列的形式传输和处理，神经系统如何通过脉冲点序列对所表达的信息进行编码，一直是一个谜．人们曾普遍认为，神经可能通过发放率（单位时间发放脉冲出现的次数）对信息编码，也有人猜测，神经可通过脉冲点序列的时序编码．由于神经发放的随机性，这就使得任何编码机制都面临着被表达信息的确定性与表达该信息的信号的随机性的矛盾．通过神经非线性随机动力学模型，文章作者发现，神经点序列的发放率对点序列的时序信息传输的影响，揭示了神经点序列时序信息在神经非线性传输中的随机共振特征．由此预期，并进一步通过听觉心理物理实验观察到，在一定条件下噪声对听觉的增强作用．从而通过非线性物理揭示了听觉时序编码机制的存在以及在时序编码中随机性噪声的积极作用．     

Cr4+:YAG被动调Q激光器输出特性

采用理论与实验相结合的方法研究了激光二极管阵列泵浦的Cr4+:YAG被动调Q Nd:YAG激光器的输出特性.重点分析了调Q晶体小信号透过率和反射镜的反射率对激光器的输出能量、脉冲宽度的影响.对数值模拟结果进行了实验验证,数值计算与实验结果基本一致.研究结果表明,在特定的激光晶体参数下,Cr4+:YAG被动调Q激光器的输出能量与脉冲宽度由调Q晶体的小信号透过率和输出镜的反射率决定:输出能量随着小信号透过率增加而减小,对应于一个调Q晶体透过率,有一个最佳反射率使输出能量最大;脉冲宽度随着初始透过率与反射率的增大而增大.     

On the improvement of signal repeatability in laser-induced air plasmas

The relatively low repeatability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) severely hinders its wide commercialization. In the present work, we investigate the optimization of LIBS system for repeatability improvement for both signal generation (plasma evolution) and signal collection. Timeintegrated spectra and images were obtained under different laser energies and focal lengths to investigate the optimum configuration for stable plasmas and repeatable signals. Using our experimental setup, the optimum conditions were found to be a laser energy of 250 mJ and a focus length of 100 mm. A stable and homogeneous plasma with the largest hot core area in the optimum condition yielded the most stable LIBS signal. Time-resolved images showed that the rebounding processes through the air plasma evolution caused the relative standard deviation (RSD) to increase with laser energies of > 250 mJ. In addition, the emission collection was improved by using a concave spherical mirror. The line intensities doubled as their RSDs decreased by approximately 25%. When the signal generation and collection were optimized simultaneously, the pulse-to-pulse RSDs were reduced to approximately 3% for O(I), N(I), and H(I) lines, which are better than the RSDs reported for solid samples and showed great potential for LIBS quantitative analysis by gasifying the solid or liquid samples.     

Simplified system configuration for real-time Fourier transformation of optical pulses in amplitude and phase

Real-time Fourier transformation (RTFT) of optical waveforms in amplitude and phase (i.e. transform-limited RTFT) is a fundamental operation that enables the realization of many interesting ultrafast signal processing applications, including wavelength-tunable optical pulse filtering, all-optical temporal correlations and convolutions and temporal imaging, among others. In this paper, we demonstrate that under certain conditions, a single time lens (quadratic-phase temporal modulator) followed by a suitable dispersive delay line can be used to implement transform-limited RTFT of optical pulses. The design specifications and constraints of the proposed transform-limited RTFT systems are derived and discussed. As compared with the conventional methods, the proposed design does not require the use of an input dispersive device preceding the time lens or a second time lens after dispersion, thus resulting in a simpler and more practical alternative for implementing TL-RTFT of optical signals. The feasibility of our proposal to operate on picosecond optical waveforms using electro-optic time lenses has been confirmed by numerical simulations.