理想气体吸热和放热的讨论

根据热力学第一定律和理想气体状态方程推导了理想气体的热容量公式,并对理想气体在p-V图上的直线过程和循环过程的温度变化及吸热和放热进行了讨论.     

气体放电等离子体特性测量I-V曲线不对称性的研究

利用气体放电双探针法研究了等离子体的I-V曲线中的电流I相对于电压V轴交点的不对称性,并提出2种可能的解释:一认为是由于两探针表面积不同引起的;二认为是由于探针所在处等离子体电位不等引起的.本文利用仪器的工艺误差和调换放电管电压的方法,对提出的2种可能原因分别进行验证,并指出第二种解释的合理性,并对其进行了理论分析.     

Atomistic packing models for experimentally investigated swelling states induced by CO2 in glassy polysulfone and poly(ether sulfone)

Atomistic packing models have been created, which help to better understand the experimentally observed swelling behavior of glassy polysulfone and poly (ether sulfone), under CO₂ gas pressures up to 50 bar at 308 K. The experimental characterization includes the measurement of the time‐dependent volume dilation of the polymer samples after a pressure step and the determination of the corresponding gas concentrations by gravimetric gas‐sorption measurements. The models obtained by force‐field‐based molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods allow a detailed atomistic analysis of representative swelling states of polymer/gas systems, with respect to the dilation of the matrix. Also, changes of free volume distribution and backbone mobility are accessible. The behavior of gas molecules in unswollen and swollen polymer matrices is characterized in terms of sorption, diffusion, and plasticization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1874–1897, 2006     

双电极对双脉冲激光器结构分析

本文对双电极对双脉冲激光器的谐振腔结构进行了分析,结果表明采用双非稳腔和增大反射镜的曲率半径可分别获得单纵模和基横模输出。为使输出能量稳定,则双电极对的间距有一最小值的限制。     

Flaked capillary columns with crown ether complexes for gas-liquid chromatography

Flaked capillary columns with an OV-101/CE-Na{in3}PO{in4} hydrophobic-hydrophilic sorbent have been suggested. This sorbent provides for the analysis of polar and nonpolar substances, including amines and aminoalcohols, in aqueous and organic solvents. The efficiency of new columns was demonstrated for the analysis of 25 organic substances of various classes.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2169–2173, December, 1994.The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 93-03-4969.     

Polygermoxanes suitable for biochemical purposes. Part I. Digermoxanes (low-viscosity oils)

In order to replace silicones in some of their biomedical applications, e.g. syringe lubrication, implants ets., a series of digermoxanes (R¹R²R³Ge)₂O (R = n–alkyl, aryl) were synthesized. These compounds are thermally stable oils; their viscosities, depending on the nature of substituents, lie in the range 1–72 cPo (mPa s) at 20°C.     

Enantioselective separations by capillary GC on derivatized cyclodextrins. Part 2: Determination of enantiomeric excess of some racemic 2,3-isopropylidene-1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol derivatives on permethyl α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins

Capillary GC on permethyl α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins has been applied to separate and quantify the enantiomers of some 2,3-iso-propylidene-1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol derivatives. Quantitative CGC data are compared to those obtained with chiral shift ¹H NMR.     

Chromatographic characterization of thermally upgraded products from alternative fuels

An overview is presented of the analytical approaches developed by our research group over the last ten years for analysis of alternative fuel, both biomass and fossil. The alternative fuels are analyzed successively by PLC-8 (preparative liquid chromatography–group-type) fractionation and high resolution gas chromatography. Some of the possibilities for fractionation and characterization of alternative fuels are herein exemplified with sugar cane bagasse pyrolysis products.     

Determination of the boiling point distribution of sulfur compounds in light cycle oil using GC with a flame photometric detector and pyrolyzer

A method has been developed to determine the boiling point distribution of sulfur compounds in light cycle oils (LCO'S). The method chosen for this analysis was GC with a flame photometric detector (FPD) and pyrolyzer. Tests were carried out to evaluate the recovery efficiency, repeatability, and accuracy of the method. Repeatabilities within 2% were obtained. The recovery of benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes was close to 100%; this was important because these are the major sulfur components in LCO's. No hydrocarbon or solvent interferences were observed with the use of the pyrolyzer, even for a 95% solvent level. Comparison with results from other techniques showed that the method accurately determined the levels of sulfur compounds in the LCO boiling point range.     

Nitro musks in cosmetic products—determination by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with atomic-emission detection

Summary The combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction with atomic-emission detection enables highly selective and sensitive determination of itro musk compounds in cosmetic products. Sample preparation is considerably simplified; there is no solvent extraction step. Enrichment is influenced by the type and amount of cosmetic product investigated. The lowest amount giving well detectable peaks is 1 mg musk compound per kg sample. Calibration curves obtained from spiked solutions of selected reference cosmetics in water show very good linearity. Relative standard deviations of peak areas from repeated measurements are usually <10%. Presented at the 21^st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15^th–20^th September, 1996