Embryo viability indexing using Raman spectroscopy of spent culture media

ABSTRACT

Embryo viability quantification is an important topic for in vitro fertilization researchers. This study suggests Raman spectroscopy as a candidate method to find an objective measure of embryo viability. Raman spectra of 31 spent embryo culture samples (16 nonpregnant, 15 pregnant) from 31 patients were analyzed with band component analysis. The band area ratio of 902 to 943 cm^?1 was found to be the most discriminatory. These bands are related to glutamine, glycine, proline, aspartic acid, and valine. According to the pregnancy outcome the sensitivity and specificity of Raman analysis were found to be 93% and 77%, respectively.     

Synthesis and anticancer property of one Ce(III) compound based on 5-(2-pyrazinyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid

Mononuclear [Ce(pztza)₂(H₂O)₆](pztza)·H₂O (1) (pztza = 5-(2-pyrazinyl)tetrazole-2-acetato) has been prepared and characterized by IR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. PEG_-5000 (poly(ethyleneglycol_-5000)) coated [Ce(pztza)₂(H₂O)₆](pztza)·H₂O nanoparticles (NPs) can disperse into distilled water. In vitro study on Hela cells shows that Hpztza is nontoxic while [Ce(pztza)₂(H₂O)₆](pztza)·H₂O NPs show high toxicity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 17 μg/mL (1.93 × 10^?5 M). In addition, such NPs can inhibit the migration of Hela cells effectively.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,4,5-triaryl-1 H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ones as inhibitors of ALK5

A series of 2,4,5-triaryl substituted 1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ones,as ALK5 inhibitors,were desigened,synthesized and evaluated in vitro.Most compounds exhibited noticeable ALK5 inhibition activities at 1 μmol/L and displayed no significant cytotoxicities at 30 μmol/L.     

Methodological aspects of in vitro sensing of L-glutamate in acute brain slices

L-Glutamate is a major amino acid neurotransmitter in the central neuronal system of the mammalian brain and plays a vital role in brain development, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, and neuropathological disorders. Despite technical limitations, progress is being made in sensing L-glutamate in vivo and in vitro. Sophisticated microsensors with the necessary spatial and temporal resolution have recently been emerging, which enable us to discern regional distribution, concentration levels, and temporal changes of L-glutamate in acute brain slices. The L-glutamate sensors for in vitro sensing have different structures and sizes, such as glass capillary-based enzyme sensors, polymer-coated enzyme sensors, and patch sensors based on natural sensing probes. The concentration of L-glutamate released in brain slices by chemical stimulation is markedly dependent on neuronal regions, types of stimulation, and sensing methods. Real- and long-time monitoring of L-glutamate in acute hippocampal slices is beginning to shed light on L-glutamate release related to the molecular mechanisms of long-term potentiation. Progress is also being made toward the visualization of L-glutamate release in acute hippocampal slices. The methodological aspects of in vitro sensing of L-glutamate are discussed.     

Syntheses and biological activities of α-methoxy-exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouracil and its polymers

The new monomer, α-methoxy-exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouracil (METFU), was synthesized by the reaction of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (ETA) in order to prepare polymers containing 5-FU moiety. Poly(α-methoxy-exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouracil) [poly(METFU)], poly(α-methoxy-exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouraci-co-acrylic acid) [poly(METFU-co-AA)], and poly(α-methoxy-exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouracil-co-vinyl acetate) [poly(METFU-co- VAc)] were synthesized by photopolymerizations using 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMP) as an initiator. The synthesized METFU and the polymers were identified by FTIR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopies. The contents of METFU in poly(METFU-co-AA) and poly(METFU-co-VAc) determined by elemental analysis were 52 and 60 mol %, respectively. The average molecular weights and polydispersity indices determined with GPC were as follows: M n = 9,400, M w = 11,400 M w/M n = 1.21 for poly(METFU), M n = 14,400, M w = 26,800, M w/M n = 1.86 for poly(METFU-co-AA), and M n = 23,100, M w = 33,000, M w/M n = 1.43 for poly(METFU-co-VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicities of samples were evaluated with mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A), mouse leukemia (P388), and human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) as cancer cell lines, and mouse liver cells (AC2F) as a normal cell line. The in vivo antitumor activities of synthesized polymers against mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumor cell line were greater than those of 5-FU at concentrations of 0.8 and 80 mg/kg. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2177–2184, 1998     

Syntheses and antitumor activities of polymers containing amino acid and 5‐fluorouracil moieties

The new monomer, 3,6‐endo‐methylene‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidoethanoyl‐5‐fluorouracil (ETEFU), was synthesized from 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and 3,6‐endo‐methylene‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydophthalimidoethanoyl chloride (ETEC). Its homopolymer and copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) and vinyl acetate (VAc) were prepared by photopolymerization reactions using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMP) as the photoinitiator. The synthesized ETEFU and polymers were identified by FT‐IR, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR spectra. The contents of ETEFU units in poly(ETEFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETEFU‐co‐VAc) were 20 and 17 mol%, respectively. The number‐average molecular weights of the synthesized polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were 4,600 to 10,700 g mol⁻¹. In vitro cytotoxicities of samples were evaluated with cancer cell lines [mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A), mouse leukemia (P388), and human histiocytic lymphoma (U937)] and a normal cell line [mouse liver cells (AC2F)]. Cytotoxicities of 5‐FU and synthesized samples against the cancer cell lines were ranked as follows: ETEFU > poly(ETEFU) > 5‐FU > poly(ETEFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETEFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumor activities of poly(ETEFU) and poly(ETEFU‐co‐AA) against Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumor cells were greater than those of 5‐FU at all doses except for the activity of poly(ETEFU) at 0.8 mg/kg. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1589–1595, 1999     

TRIACYLGLYCERINES OF Ruta graveolens GROWN in vivo AND in vitro

The composition of triacylglycerines (TAG) from photosynthetic tissues ofRuta graveolensL. (Rutaceae) grownin vivoandin vitrowas studied with respect to chain length and unsaturation. Esterification of sn-2-glycerol by unsaturated acids is less selective underin vitrothanin vivoconditions. TAG of thein vitroculture have an elevated content of forms with oleinic acid in the sn-2-position.     

Synthetic,spectral as well as in vitro antimicrobial studies on some bismuth(III) bis(N,N‐dialkyldithiocarbamato) alkylenedithiophosphates

Mixed sulfur donor ligand complexes of the type bismuth(III) bis(N,N‐dialkyldithiocarbamato) alkylenedithiophosphate, [R₂NCS₂]₂BiS₂POGO [where R = CH₃ and C₂H₅; G = ‐CH₂‐C(C₂H₅)₂‐CH₂‐, ‐CH₂‐C(CH₃)₂‐CH₂‐, ‐CH(CH₃)‐CH(CH₃)‐ and ‐C(CH₃)₂‐C(CH₃)₂‐] were synthesized in 1:1 molar ratio of bismuth(III) bis(N,N‐dialkyldithiocarbamate) chloride and ammonium alkylenedithiophosphate in refluxing benzene and characterized by melting point, molecular weight determinations, elemental analysis (C, H, N, Bi and S) and spectral [UV, IR,NMR (¹H,¹³C and ³¹P) and powder X ray diffraction] studies; all these studies were in good agreement with the synthesized complexes. These newly synthesized derivatives are yellow and brown colored solids and are soluble in common organic solvents like benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane and DMF. Based on the physicochemical and spectral studies, a tentative structure of these newly synthesized complexes was assigned and the average particle size of the synthesized complexes determined by powder XRD, showing that nano range polycrystalline particles were formed with a monoclinic crystal system. These complexes were also screened for their antimicrobial activities using the well diffusion method. The free ligands as well as their mixed metal complexes were tested in vitro against four bacterial strains: two Gram‐positive, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 9144) (G⁺) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051), (G⁺) and two Gram‐negative, Escherichia coli (ATCC 9637) (G^?) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25619) (G^?) to assess their antimicrobial properties. The results were indeed positive and exhibited good antibacterial effects. Chloroamphenicol used as a standard for comparison and synthesized complexes showed good antibacterial effects over chloroamphenicol. On the basis of these studies, the synthesized complexes help to understand the different structural and biological properties of main group elements with sulfur donor ligands. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

5-氟尿嘧啶-1-烷氧苯基三间氯苯基卟啉的合成及其体外抗癌活性

为提高5-氟尿嘧啶抗癌的靶向性,降低其不良反应,合成了5种新型卟啉-5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物及其Mn3+配合物,优化了合成反应条件,探索了目标化合物的分离方法。 通过IR、UV-Vis、1H NMR和ESI-MS对化合物结构和组成进行了确认。 采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法,以5-氟尿嘧啶为阳性对照药,测试了卟啉化合物对5种肿瘤细胞的体外抑制活性。 初筛结果显示,化合物D3对人卵巢癌细胞Sk-ov-3有较强的抑制作用。     

配合物二乙基锡N-[(2-氧苯基)亚甲基]甘氨酸酯的合成、结构表征和生物活性

合成了5个新的二乙基锡N-[(2-氧苯基)亚甲基]甘氨酸酯(CH3CH2)2Sn(2-O-3-X-5-YC6H2CH=NCH2COO)(X,Y=H,H,1;H,Cl,2;H,Br,3;Cl,Cl,4;Br,Br,5),利用元素分析、IR、1H和129Sn NMR表征了其结构.通过X-射线单晶衍射测定了1和4的晶体结构.化合物1的晶体属单斜晶系,P21空间群;化合物4的晶体属三斜晶系,P1空间群.2个化合物均为由羧基桥联形成的[Sn3O6C3]十二元大环三聚体结构,锡原子的配位构型为六配位[SnC2NO3]畸变八面体.生物活性测试结果表明,化合物5对3种人癌细胞HeLa、CoLo205和MCF-7及大肠杆菌均有抑制活性.