放氢交叉偶联反应

过渡金属催化的脱氢偶联反应是一类高效的化学键构筑方式，但通常需要当量甚至过量的氧化剂以移除脱氢过程产生的电子及质子，其氧化剂残渣对环境有一定的污染.放氢交叉偶联（CCHE）反应摒弃了传统脱氢反应中当量氧化剂的使用，在温和条件下实现碳-氢或杂-氢键直接交叉偶联且唯一副产物为氢气，不仅避免了因原料或产物对氧化剂敏感而发生的副反应，而且在规模化生产中具有很高的附加值，是一种更加绿色的合成策略.本综述从放氢交叉偶联反应机理、化学键构筑类型以及反应延伸等角度归纳并介绍了近年来放氢交叉偶联反应的研究进展，并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望.     

湿法水解制备可见光催化剂N/TiO2

The N/TiO₂ was prepared by wet hydrolyzation method. The photocatalytic decomposition of benzoic acid solution was carried out under simulated sun light; the photocatalytic activity was 2.47 times of TiO₂. The products were characterized by XRD, SPS, EFISPS and XPS, respectively. The results of XRD showed that the N could restrain the crystallization transformation of TiO₂ from anatase to rutile. The N/TiO₂ was still n-type semiconductor, and the absorbance wavelength appeared red-shifted by N-doping. The band gap of N/TiO₂ was decreased to 2.7 eV. The amount of doped-N is about 0.94at.%. The binding energy of N1s are 396.62 eV (Ti-N bonds, β-N) and 400.87 eV (N-N bonds, γ-N₂), respectively, and the photocatalytic activity of N/TiO₂ under visible light is related to the β-N. The N atoms replace the O of the TiO₂ and form the Ti-N bonding.     

Spotlight on Photoinduced Aryl Migration Reactions

Rearrangement reactions are certainly one of the most useful approaches towards complex structures in organic chemistry. With efficient conditions, it is indeed possible to convert simple substrates into highly functionalized products. Moreover, combining this approach with an attractive initiation process, such as visible-light catalysis, makes these reactions particularly powerful. Recently, tremendous improvements have been made, owing to a better understanding of photoredox mechanisms. In this review, recent progress on visible-light aryl migration reactions is discussed, focusing especially on Smiles rearrangement and related reactions.     

Bi/TiO_2复合纳米纤维制备及可见光催化性能

以电纺TiO_2纳米纤维为基质,EDTA为鳌合剂和吸附剂,采用溶剂热法制备Bi/TiO_2复合纳米纤维光催化材料,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和荧光光谱(PL)等分析测试手段对样品的物相、形貌和光学性能等进行表征,以罗丹明B(Rh B)为模拟有机污染物,考察了样品的光催化性能。结果表明:EDTA在复合纳米纤维的合成过程中起到关键作用,通过改变EDTA的用量可以有效控制纤维表面构筑单质Bi纳米球的大小和覆盖密度。所制备的复合纳米纤维具有良好的可见光催化活性和稳定性,当单质Bi的负载量为65%时光催化活性最强,可见光照射180 min,RhB的降解率达到96.40%,循环使用5次降解率仍保持在91%以上。     

氮掺杂Bi2O3光催化剂可见光催化降解2,4-二氯酚

采用自制的Bi2O3及氮掺杂Bi2O3(N-Bi2O3)光催化剂,以卤钨灯为光源,在可见光下对2,4-二氯酚进行光催化降解.结果表明,N-Bi2O3较Bi2O3具有更高的可见光催化活性.当N-Bi2O3光催化剂投加量为2.0 g/L、2,4-二氯酚初始浓度为20 mg/L和pH =7时,光催化反应320 min,2,4-二氯酚的降解率最高可达到91.5％.2,4-二氯酚的光催化反应初活性与其浓度之间的关系符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学速率模型.对降解过程中总有机碳及Cl-测试结果表明,N-Bi2O3光催化剂能较好地完成对2,4-二氯酚的深度矿化及脱氯.     

Dual cocatalysts decorated three dimensionally ordered mesoporous g-C3N4 with homogeneous wall thickness for enhanced photocatalytic performance

Making several components be more intimate interfacial contacts in the photocatalyst is an efficient strategy to improve the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carries and enhance the photocatalytic performance in the visible light region. In this work, a promising photocatalyst was fabricated by loading of Au nanoparticles and Cd_(0.58)Zn_(0.42)S nanoparticles onto the three dimensionally ordered mesoporous g-C₃N₄ material (Au/3DOM CN/Cd_(0.58)Zn_(0.42)S) via two-step synthesis method to significantly intensify the transfer capability of charge. The results of characterization demonstrate that Au/3DOM CN/Cd_(0.58)Zn_(0.42)S photocatalyst possesses the intimate interfacial contacts of three components and homogeneous wall thickness of 3DOM g-C₃N₄ framework, and these properties give Au/3DOM CN/Cd_(0.58)Zn_(0.42)S photocatalyst an ability that it can harvest a wider range of visible light and endow it superior photocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution from water splitting and RhB degradation. Finally, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the photoelectrochemical measurement. This work would provide a new strategy to design and fabricate g-C₃N₄-based with 3DOM architecture materials with superior photocatalytic activity.     

Sequential Chemistry Toward Core–Shell Structured Metal Sulfides as Stable and Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalysts

A universal sequential synthesis strategy in aqueous solution is presented for highly uniform core–shell structured photocatalysts, which consist of a metal sulfide light absorber core and a metal sulfide co‐catalyst shell. We show that the sequential chemistry can drive the formation of unique core–shell structures controlled by the constant of solubility product of metal sulfides. A variety of metal sulfide core–shell structures have been demonstrated, including CdS@CoS_x, CdS@MnS_x, CdS@NiS_x, CdS@ZnS_x, CuS@CdS, and more complexed CdS@ZnS_x@CoS_x. The obtained strawberry‐like CdS@CoS_x core–shell structures exhibit a high photocatalytic H₂ production activity of 3.92 mmol h^?1 and an impressive apparent quantum efficiency of 67.3 % at 420 nm, which is much better than that of pure CdS nanoballs (0.28 mmol h^?1), CdS/CoS_x composites (0.57 mmol h^?1), and 5 %wt Pt‐loaded CdS photocatalysts (1.84 mmol h^?1).     

Design of Advanced Functional Materials Using Nanoporous Single‐Site Photocatalysts

Nanoporous silica solids can offer opportunities for hosting photocatalytic components such as various tetra‐coordinated transition metal ions to form systems referred to as “single‐site photocatalysts”. Under UV/visible‐light irradiation, they form charge transfer excited states, which exhibit a localized charge separation and thus behave differently from those of bulk semiconductor photocatalysts exemplified by TiO₂. This account presents an overview of the design of advanced functional materials based on the unique photo‐excited mechanisms of single‐site photocatalysts. Firstly, the incorporation of single‐site photocatalysts within transparent porous silica films will be introduced, which exhibit not only unique photocatalytic properties, but also high surface hydrophilicity with self‐cleaning and antifogging applications. Secondary, photo‐assisted deposition (PAD) of metal precursors on single‐site photocatalysts opens up a new route to prepare nanoparticles. Thirdly, visible light sensitive photocatalysts with single and/or binary oxides moieties can be prepared so as to use solar light, the ideal energy source.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of CdIn2S4 and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange under Visible-light Irradiation

CdIn2S4 microspheres were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method with the temperature ranging from 120 to 200 ℃. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. It was found that the crystallographic structure and optical property of the products synthesized at different temperature were almost the same. The SBET of CdIn2S4 products decreased when the synthesized temperature increased, and the largest SBET was 33.16m2g-1 (120 ℃ sample). The degradation of methyl orange (MO) under the visible-light irradiation had been used as a probe reaction to investigate the photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared CdIn2S4, which showed that the CdIn2S4 sample synthesized at 120 ℃ presented the best photocatalytic activity for MO degradation.     

光量热法初探甲基橙光催化原位降解过程

通过在室温下还原前驱体制备了Ag@AgCl催化剂, 并利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对产物进行表征. 设计了新型光化学-微热量系统, 用该系统获得了Ag@AgCl光催化降解甲基橙实时、 在线的热力学和动力学瞬态信息. 研究结果表明, 该降解过程首先经历吸热再迅速进入放热阶段, 最后曲线恒定于一个长的放热平台, 计算得到ab, ac和ad段的热效应分别为-0.2609, 2.5845和40.7289 J, 放热平台cd的平均速率为2.581 mJ/s, 并详细探讨了该过程的微观降解机制.