Effect of fiber surface treatments on the fiber–matrix interaction in banana fiber reinforced polyester composites

Cellulosic fibers have been used as cost-cutting fillers in plastic industry. Among the various factors, the final performance of the composite materials depends to a large extent on the adhesion between the polymer matrix and the reinforcement and therefore on the quality of the interface. To achieve optimum performance of the end product, sufficient interaction between the matrix resin and the cellulosic material is desired. This is often achieved by surface modification of the resin or the filler. Banana fiber, the cellulosic fibers obtained from the pseudo-stem of banana plant (Musa sepientum) is a bast fiber with relatively good mechanical properties. The fiber surface was modified chemically to bring about improved interfacial interaction between the fiber and the polyester matrix. Various silanes and alkali were used to modify the fiber surface. Modified surfaces were characterized by SEM and FTIR. The polarity parameters of the chemically modified fibers were investigated using the solvatochromic technique. The results were further confirmed by electrokinetic measurements. Chemical modification was found to have a profound effect on the fiber–matrix interactions. The improved fiber–matrix interaction is evident from the enhanced tensile and flexural properties. The lower impact properties of the treated composites compared to the untreated composites further point to the improved fiber–matrix adhesion. In order to know more about the fiber–matrix adhesion, fractured surfaces of the failed composites where further investigated by SEM. Of the various chemical treatments, simple alkali treatment with NaOH of 1% concentration was found to be the most effective. The fiber–matrix interactions were found to be dependent on the polarity of the modified fiber surface.     

Silane-modified polymers as interphases in glass-fibre-reinforced composites: 2. Grafting and crosslinking of interphase materials

_—This paper presents an interphase engineering technique suitable for grafting silane-modified polymers onto glass fibres to be used in composites with enhanced impact tolerance. The silane-modified polymers include ethylene polymers grafted with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and a copolymer of butyl acrylate (BuA) and MPS. The grafting of functionalized interphase materials onto glass fibres is performed in solution. By changing the concentrations of the solutions, different amounts of polymer can be deposited on the fibres. Water crosslinking of the polymer gives the possibility of producing stabilised interfacial polymer coatings over a range of thicknesses. It is concluded that acidic conditions (1) promote the grafting of silane-modified polymers on glass fibres and (2) for a given reaction time, increase the amount of crosslinked polymer in the interphase, i.e. yield more stable interphases. It is also likely that preserving acidic conditions at the fibre/polymer interface is important for maintaining bonding across the interface. It is shown that polystyrene/glass-fibre composites having SEBS at the interface are promising candidates for high-impact-tolerance composites.     

Determination of an optimal modifier for albumin for medicobiological technology by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method

The interatomic interaction of albumin and a modifier is studied with the use of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. As the result of the study of the albumin nanomodification, an optimal modifier for albumin is determined. It is shown that the compatibility of bio- and nanostructures depends on their dimension. The modification of albumin with carbon copper-containing nanotubes leads to the albumin thermal stability up to the temperatures in the range of 525–537 K. However, the modification of albumin with carbon nickel-containing nanotubes, the radius of which is much smaller than that of carbon copper-containing nanotubes, leads to the destruction of albumin at room temperature. The dependence of the thermal stability of protein modified with vinyl pyrrolidone acrolein diacetal copolymer on its content in the mixture is found. The growth of the temperature of stabilization with the increasing content of vinyl pyrrolidone acrolein diacetal copolymer is shown.     

The Influence of Silkworm Species on Cellular Interactions with Novel PVA/Silk Sericin Hydrogels

Sericin peptides and PVA are chemically modified with methacrylate groups to produce a covalent PVA/sericin hydrogel. Preservation of the sericin bioactivity following methacrylation is confirmed, and PVA/sericin hydrogels are fabricated for both B. mori and A. mylitta sericin. Cell adhesion studies confirm the preservation of sericin bioactivity post incorporation in PVA gels. PVA/A. mylitta gels are observed to facilitate cell adhesion to a significantly greater degree than PVA/B. mori gels. Overall, the incorporation of sericin does not alter the physical properties of the PVA hydrogels but does result in significantly improved cellular interaction, particularly from A. mylitta gels.

     

聚乙烯醇的制备及其分子链键合方式的测定

对物理化学综合性实验“聚乙烯醇的制备及其分子链键合方式的测定”进行了研究,得出了最优制备聚乙酸乙烯酯（PVAc）的实验方案。对PVAc醇解得到聚乙烯醇（PVA）,采用黏度法测定了聚乙烯醇被高碘酸盐降解前后的相对分子质量,从而计算出PVA分子链中“头尾相接”和“头碰头”2种键合方式的比例。     

铽配合物荧光及在农用光波长转换塑料薄膜中的应用

选择荧光效应强的稀土元素铽,以磺基水杨酸作为第一配体,以聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇2000等为协配体,对乙醇溶液和水溶液两个体系中形成的配合物荧光进行了研究。试验确定了铽、磺基水杨酸以及聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇2000为优良协配体的最佳用量。进一步研究发现,表面活性剂的加入对不同配合物的荧光均会产生增强效果,十二烷基磺酸钠效果最好;同时探索了酸度对体系荧光强度的影响。对于获得的铽-磺基水杨酸-聚乙烯醇配合物,其荧光激发波长为342 nm,而荧光发射波长为545 nm,将该配合物以适当比例掺加到农用塑料薄膜中,制备出可以使太阳光的紫外部分转换为作物光合作用需要的绿光的稀土光转换膜。     

可用作水润滑轴承的聚氨酯复合材料的制备

采用聚醚型甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）聚氨酯预聚体与3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷（MOCA）、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTEOS）和正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）交联反应,制备耐温型有机-无机杂化聚氨酯复合材料。 通过傅里叶红外光谱仪（IR）、热重分析仪（TGA）、摩擦试验机和硬度计等技术对制备的材料进行了结构表征和性能测试,结果表明,硅氧网络的引入使聚氨酯复合材料的热稳定性得到了提高,同时该材料具有极低的摩擦系数（200 r/min以上,摩擦系数在0.001左右）,硬度在92 A左右。 该有机 无机杂化聚氨酯复合材料已满足了水润滑轴承在耐摩擦、高承载、易加工等方面的要求。     

磨损增强型超疏水材料的制备及性能研究

通过在有机硅烷中掺杂微纳米级尺度的SiO2颗粒,利用硅烷的水解和聚合成功地制备了1种具有优异耐磨性能和稳定性的超疏水材料.通过该方法所制备的超疏水材料不仅具有良好的耐磨性,而且其超疏水性能可在一定条件下通过表面的磨损得到增强或恢复.该超疏水材料在较苛刻的环境下仍能保持良好的化学稳定性.扫描电镜分析表明贯穿于整个材料且构成材料厚度的微纳米聚合物复合层是赋予该超疏水材料耐磨损性能的主要原因.     

氨基甲酸酯乙烯基醚类化合物光聚合性能研究

本文合成了一种双官能度的氨基甲酸酯乙烯基醚和一种三官能度的氨基甲酸酯乙烯基醚,并用实时傅立叶红外光谱分别监测了单官能度、双官能度和三官能度的乙烯基醚化合物在三芳基六氟锑酸锍鎓盐阳离子光引发剂(PAG-201)引发下的光聚合情况,对其光聚合动力学性能进行了比较,研究了引发剂PAG-201的浓度对双官能度单体光聚合的影响.结果表明,随着官能度的增加,乙烯基醚化合物的转化率和聚合速率降低.此外,对它们的聚合产物进行的热失重分析表明,随着官能度的增加,聚合产物的热稳定性增加.本文的结果对于研究开发基于氨基甲酸酯乙烯基醚单体的阳离子聚合体系具有较好的指导意义.     

二嵌段共聚物PCL-b-PB与PVME共混体系的结晶行为比较

用^1H—NMR对两种不同共聚组成的己内酯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物（PCL-b-PB）链结构进行了分析。尽管两种共聚物中丁二烯百分含量不N,但丁二烯链段的平均长度基本一致。用红外光谱、差示扫描量热法和偏光显微镜研究了在两种己内酯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物中加入非晶组分聚乙烯基甲基醚（PVME）所形成共混体系的混容性和结晶行为。结果表明具有较长己内酯链段的PCL1-b-PB和较短己内酯链段的PCL2-b-PB与PVME形成的共混体系中均存在着分子间相互作用,且都具有一定的混容性。然而由于嵌段共聚物中己内酯链段的长度不同,样品的结晶能力存在明显差异,PCL1-b—PB／PVME体系中PCL链段结晶能力明显较强。并且结晶形态具有一定的差异：形成清晰环带球晶的温度、组成范围不一致。