牙釉质中稀土和微量元素的ICP-MS方法检测

主要研究应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定牙釉质中稀土和微量元素的实验方法。实验证明牙釉质样品经硝酸-过氧化氢体系消解,样品溶解完全,可以满足ICP-MS检测方法的要求。方法的精密度用相对标准偏差表示在0.50%～6.79%之间,方法准确度以标准回收率度量在94.45%～104.78%之间,完全能满足生物样品的测试要求。本实验为口腔医学研究提出一个简便、准确和可行的研究方法的同时,也为龋齿病防治提供了有龋齿和无龋齿中样品中稀土微量元素测试数据。     

氦原子自旋-自旋相互作用精细结构参数的理论计

利用多电子原子的精细结构哈密顿算符的球张量形式,通过计算氦原子的自旋-自旋相互作用哈密顿算符在|LSJMJ〉表象中的矩阵元,导出了氦原子的自旋-自旋相互作用精细结构参数的理论计算式,并就氦原子(n1s)(n2p)组态具体计算参数B之值.     

不同层显式格式及在微尺度热传导中的应用

基于指数拟合和牛顿插值多项式构造了用于数值计算偏微分方程的不同层显式格式,应用不同层显式格式可获得不同精度的数值计算结果,并将该算法应用于微结构热传导方程和薄膜强瞬态热传导方程中．     

A diffractive optical element for shaping arbitrary beams

A design method is presented for an optical element that shapes an arbitrary collimated beam. The optical element consists of a pair of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). The outgoing beam is also collimated, and can have any desired intensity profile. The phase functions of the DOEs are computed by minimizing an appropriate cost function under an energy conservation constraint.     

Alpha decay energies and half-lives for possibly synthesized superheavy elements

We investigate the ground state properties of some superheavy nuclei, which may be synthesized in future experiments. Special emphases are placed on the alpha decay energies and half-lives. The alpha decay energies and half-lives from different theoretical models are compared and discussed comprehensively. Through these calculations and comparisons, the optimal superheavy elements to be synthesized in future experiments are proposed theoretically.     

A Langevin equation for the rates of currency exchange based on the Markov analysis

We propose a method for analyzing the data for the rates of exchange of various currencies versus the U.S. dollar. The method analyzes the return time series of the data as a Markov process, and develops an effective equation which reconstructs it. We find that the Markov time scale, i.e., the time scale over which the data are Markov-correlated, is one day for the majority of the daily exchange rates that we analyze. We derive an effective Langevin equation to describe the fluctuations in the rates. The equation contains two quantities, D⁽¹⁾ and D⁽²⁾, representing the drift and diffusion coefficients, respectively. We demonstrate how the two coefficients are estimated directly from the data, without using any assumptions or models for the underlying stochastic time series that represent the daily rates of exchange of various currencies versus the U.S. dollar.     

Scheme for entanglement concentration of unknown W class states via linear optics

This paper proposes a scheme for entanglement concentration of unknown triparticle W class states with a certain probability. This protocol is mainly based on the coincidences of single-photon detectors and requires single-photon detectors and linear optical elements. The scheme is feasible within current technology.     

The influence of pulse duration on the stress levels in ablation of ceramics: A finite element study

We present a finite element model to investigate the dynamic thermal and mechanical response of ceramic materials to pulsed infrared radiation. The model was applied to the specific problem of determining the influence of the pulse duration on the stress levels reached in human dental enamel irradiated by a CO₂ laser at 10.6 μm with pulse durations between 0.1 and 100 μs and sub-ablative fluence. Our results indicate that short pulses with durations much larger than the characteristic acoustic relaxation time of the material can still cause high stress transients at the irradiated site, and indicate that pulse durations of the order of 10 μs may be more adequate both for enamel surface modification and for ablation than pulse durations up to 1 μs. The model presented here can easily be modified to investigate the dynamic response of ceramic materials to mid-infrared radiation and help determine optimal pulse durations for specific procedures.     

不同部位矿质元素与红外光谱数据融合对美味牛肝菌产地溯源研究

野生食用菌产地溯源研究中,采用单一有机成分或矿质元素指纹存在一定局限性。利用不同指纹分析技术的互补性与协同性,将不同部位与类型的化学信息进行融合,探讨此方法对野生食用菌产地溯源的可行性,以期为野生食用菌溯源提供新的思路与科学依据。通过测定云南7个产地、124个美味牛肝菌(菌柄、菌盖)中15种矿质元素的含量,以及子实体傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)。标准正态变换(SNV)、二阶导数(2D)等算法对原始光谱进行预处理。基于低级与中级数据融合策略,将预处理后的FTIR光谱与菌柄、菌盖矿质元素数据进行融合,结合支持向量机(SVM)分别建立菌柄、菌盖、FTIR、低级数据融合(菌柄+菌盖,菌柄+菌盖+FTIR)与中级数据融合(菌柄+菌盖+FTIR)判别模型;分析比较模型参数,确定快速甄别美味牛肝菌产地的可靠方法。结果显示：(1)菌盖中Cd,Cr,Cu,Li,Mg,Na,P和Zn元素平均含量高于菌柄,Ba,Ca,Co,Ni,Rb,Sr和V元素在菌柄中平均含量高于菌盖。美味牛肝菌中人体必需矿质元素Ca,Cu,Mg,P和Zn平均含量远高于小麦、水稻干品和新鲜蔬菜,与动物干制品含量相似;(2)FTIR光谱数据最佳预处理方法为3D+SNV,其Q2和R2Y分别为76.64%,88.91%;(3)菌柄、菌盖、FTIR、低级数据融合与中级数据融合SVM模型,c值分别为8 192,4 096,1.414 2,11.313 7,1和0.7071 1,菌柄和菌盖模型c值较大,表明采用单一菌柄或菌盖矿质元素含量数据,SVM训练存在过拟合风险,判别效果较差;(4)FTIR、低级数据融合和中级数据融合SVM模型,样品分类错误总数分别为7,9,7和0,中级数据融合(菌柄+菌盖+FTIR)模型样品分类正确率最高。表明基于中级融合策略将不同部位矿物元素和子实体FTIR光谱数据融合,可作为野生食用菌产地溯源的一种有效方法。     

忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器的Simulink建模及其特性分析

忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器均是具有记忆特性的新型非线性电路元件,也被称为记忆元件.以三种电路元件的通用数学模型为依据,从数学分析的角度,对忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器的Simulink模型进行了建立.在Simulink模型中体现了记忆元件对历史状态和系统状态变量的依赖性,正确表现出其独特的记忆特性.通过一系列仿真分析,得到了忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器的元件特性,验证了模型的有效性.此外,通过对三者在不同参数、不同激励下的电路特性分析,得到了三种记忆元件等效模型随频率和幅值变化的规律,为以后忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器基于Simulink的仿真研究和应用研究奠定基础.