台湾泥鳅消化道的形态及组织学结构特征

为了解台湾泥鳅消化道的形态结构特点与其消化吸收功能之间的关系, 采用活体解剖、石蜡切片以及AB-PAS染色技术, 研究台湾泥鳅消化道的形态、组织学结构及黏液细胞的分布. 结果显示: 台湾泥鳅消化道由口咽腔(舌)、食道和肠道组成, 无胃; 食道粗短、肠道直、无盘曲, 肠指数0.50±0.04; 口咽腔上皮中分布有味蕾及II型和IV型黏液细胞; 食道和肠道均由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层及浆膜构成; 食道肌层发达, 黏膜皱襞向腔内突起, 被覆复层扁平上皮, 大量黏液细胞分布于复层上皮内, 以Ⅱ型和IV型为主, 还有少量Ⅲ型黏液细胞; 肠道各段均被覆单层柱状上皮, 上皮层内分布有3种黏液细胞, 同样以Ⅱ型和IV型为主; 肠道黏膜皱襞高度以及肌层厚度从前往后呈现下降趋势. 台湾泥鳅消化道各部的形态、组织学结构特征及黏液细胞分布特点与其功能相适应.     

LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of myo- and chiro-inositol as the urinary biomarkers of insulin resistance in human urine

A simple LC‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of endogenous myo‐ and chiro‐inositol in human urine. myo‐ and chiro‐Inositol were completely resolved from other carbohydrates and there were no interference peaks in human urine. The correlation coefficient (n = 3) was greater than 0.9991 over the range 0.05–25.0 µg/mL with the weighted (1/C²) least square method. Precision (%RSD) and accuracy (%RE) were 0–10.0% and 0–6.0% for the intra‐day assay (n = 5) and 0–14.3% and 0–10.0% for the inter‐day assay (n = 5). myo‐ and chiro‐Inositol have been shown to be stable in human urine stored at room temperature and for three freeze–thaw cycles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ampicillin in Human Urine

Abstract

A rapid, sensitive and specific HPLC assay for the determination of ampicillin in human urine is developed.

Ampicillin was directly measured in human urine at 225 nm using a reversed phase column (Synchropack RP-P) and a mobile phase composed of (1:9 methanol-sodium acetate solution, 0.01 M, pH 4). The analysis required no longer than 10 min. Linear correlation between the peak height ratio of ampicillin to cefoxitin sodium (internal standard) and ampicillin concentration in urine over the range 10–100 μg ml^?1 was obtained. The developed method proved to be advantageous as it monitors ampicillin level in urine. Moreover, the urinary excretion of ampicillin in human subjects after an oral administration of 500 mg ampicillin capsules was established using the proposed method.     

Inhibition of urinary calculi—a spectroscopic study

Although herbal medicine is widely employed in inhibition of urinary calculi as an alternative and complementary curative method, the lack of detailed scientific studies that could provide insights into this complex process weakens its validity. The present work targets multitechnique spectroscopic investigations by Raman, infrared absorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence on the effects of the herb Rotula Aquatica Lour (RAL) on the growth of synthetically prepared magnesium‐based calculi. In addition to the standard magnesium phosphate‐based sample, two other samples were prepared with incorporation of 1 and 2wt% RAL herbal extract. Both, Raman and infrared data show a newberyite structure for the crystals without and with inhibitor. The XPS measurements reveal an unexpected presence of Zn in the sample with bfRAL inhibitor, which, as suggested in the literature, may initiate rapid stone formation, and consequently, contribute to the inhibition process. Furthermore, the existence of metallic Zn can explain the reflectance of the incident light observed in the infrared transmission studies of the unground crystals. A significant increase in magnesium with addition of herbal extract is observed in the XPS data. Also, evidence for Mg O binding between the inhibitor and the phosphate units of urinary calculus is found in XPS and Raman results. Similarity between our photoluminescence measurements and those of in vivo chlorophyll a corroborates to provide additional evidence of Mg‐related inhibition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crystal growth of some urinary stone constituents: III. In‐vitro crystallization of L‐cystine and its characterization

L‐Cystine (‐SCH_2· CHNH_2· COOH), having the morphology of hexagonal plates, an amino acid constituent of urinary stone, is crystallized in silica gel under suitable pH conditions by double diffusion method. The grown crystals were characterized by density measurement, Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

二维琼脂凝胶体系中过渡金属离子对草酸钙晶体生长和周期性沉淀的影响

在二维凝胶圆盘体系中,研究过渡金属离子对草酸钙晶体生长和周期性环状沉淀的影响,并对其形成机理进行探讨.结果表明:在一定浓度的Fe3 存在下,体系中出现了周期性环状沉淀现象.同时发现在此条件下抑制了一水合草酸钙(COM)晶型生成.此外,加入Zn2 、Co2 、Ni2 体系中的晶体都以二水合草酸钙(COD)为主;而加Cu2 离子的圆盘中,三水合草酸钙(COT)占据了主要的成分,这说明不同的过渡金属离子对三种草酸钙晶型的生成影响不同.另外,还对出现的与尿结石有关的特殊现象(白斑和放射状的条纹)进行了探讨.     

Shotgun metabolomic profiles in maternal urine identify potential mass spectral markers of abnormal fetal biochemistry – dihydrouracil and progesterone in the metabolism of Down syndrome

In Down syndrome (DS) in particular, the precise cellular mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype is not straightforward despite a clear mapping of the genetic cause. Metabolomic profiling might be more revealing in understanding molecular–cellular mechanisms of inborn errors of metabolism/syndromes than genomics alone and also result in new prenatal screening approaches. The urinary metabolome of 122 maternal urine from women with and without an aneuploid pregnancy (predominantly Down syndrome) were compared by both zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ZIC‐HILIC) and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled to hybrid ion trap time of flight mass spectral analysis. ZIC‐HILIC mass spectrometry resolved 10‐fold more unique molecular ions than RPLC mass spectrometry, of which molecules corresponding to ions of m/z 114.07 and m/z 314.20 showed maternal urinary level changes that significantly coincided with the presence of a DS fetus. The ion of m/z 314.20 was identified as progesterone and m/z 114.07 as dihydrouracil. A metabolomics profiling‐based maternal urinary screening test modelled from this separation data would detect approximately 87 and 60.87% (using HILIC‐MS and RPLC‐MS, respectively) of all DS pregnancies between 9 and 23 weeks of gestation with no false positives. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Studies on excretion kinetics of ten constituents in rat urine after oral administration of Shensong Yangxin Capsule by UPLC‐MS/MS

A rapid and sensitive ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of 10 major active constituents in rat urine after oral administration of Shensong Yangxin Capsule (SSYX) using diazepam as an internal standard (IS). The urine samples were pretreated and extracted by solid‐phase extraction prior to UPLC. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters C₁₈ (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) column using a gradient elution program with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Detection and quantitation were accomplished by a hybrid quadrupole mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization source and multiple reaction monitoring in the positive ionization mode. The mass transition ion‐pairs (m/z) for quantitation were all optimized and the total run time was 4.50 min. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stabilities were all validated for the analytes in urine samples. The validation results indicated that this method was simple, rapid, specific and reliable. The proposed method was successfully applied to investigate the urinary excretion kinetics of 10 compounds in rat after oral administration of SSYX. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

老年人上消化道出血176例临床分析

对１７６例老年人上消化道出血病因进行了分析，提出了临床治疗和预后措施。     

MRI and diabetic foot infections

The role of magnetic resonance imaging and plain radiographs in evaluating osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot was studied. Fifty patients were prospectively examined by magnetic resonance imaging and plain radiographs to determine the extent of infection. Thirty-seven patients had positive MRI for osteomyelitis and 19 were positive with conventional radiography. Thirteen patients had negative MRI healed with short course of antibiotics. Five patients with positive MRI received four weeks' course of intravenous antibiotics with two still having persistent infection in the six weeks follow-up. Thirty-two patients underwent surgery with favorable results. Sixty-two bone specimens were obtained for histologic evaluation of osteomyelitis. In cases with histologic proof of diagnosis, magnetic resonance sensitivity was 99%, specificity was 81%, and accuracy was 94%. Thus magnetic resonance imaging was shown to have a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in detecting osteomyelitis.