Synthesis of glycoluril catalyzed by potassium hydroxide under ultrasound irradiation

Synthesis of the glycolurils catalyzed by potassium hydroxide was carried out in 17–75% yield at 40 °C in EtOH under ultrasound irradiation. Compared to the method using stirring, the main advantage of the present procedure is milder conditions and shorter reaction time.     

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of nano-sized metal-organic framework; a simple method to explore selective and fast Congo Red adsorption

A novel mixed linker Metal-organic Framework, [Co(NH₂IsoBDC)(bpfn)].DMF (TMU-69), with amide and amino functionalized spacers (bpfn = N,N'-(naphthalene-1,5-diyl)diisonicotinamide, NH₂IsoBDCH₂ = 5-Aminoisophthalic acid) was synthesized through both solvothermal and ultrasonic approaches. Applying sonochemical irradiation led to ultrafast formation of Flower-shaped nanoplates of TMU-69 within 15 min with high yield while, solvothermal method takes 3 days to form the framework. Control of size and morphology was also enhanced through applying ultrasonic irradiations. The implication of applied time and concentration of reagents on size and morphology of nano-structured TMU-69 have been optimized. Applying higher concentration of initial material with optimized 60-minute irradiation forms uniform smaller sized nanoplates of TMU-69. Also, the efficiency of TMU-69 bulk and nanoplates toward removal of pollutant dyes from water was investigated. The selective adsorption of Congo Red was observed among other dyes. Also, drastic enhancement in removal kinetic of Congo Red through using ultrasonic assisted nanoplates of TMU-69 was obtained.     

消毒灭菌的电离辐射与电磁辐射等物理技术比较分析北大核心CSCD

消毒灭菌技术广泛应用于食品工业、医疗领域、水处理等方面。相对于传统化学和热效应的消毒灭菌方法,γ射线、X射线、电子束、微波、低温等离子体、紫外线、高压脉冲电场等物理手段具有不污染环境、消毒灭菌温度低、没有化学残留物等优点而日益受到重视。但这些物理技术手段各有不同,本文首先介绍了γ射线、X射线、电子束、微波、低温等离子体、紫外线、高压脉冲电场等消毒灭菌的技术原理,然后对比了各自优缺点和应用领域。每种方法都有优势和不足,应针对不同的消毒灭菌对象而选择不同的方式。最后,展望了消毒灭菌的发展方向,提出了消毒灭菌在家庭日常消毒、医疗垃圾处理、有人状态下的室内空气消毒等方面的迫切需求。     

Fluctuation of semiconductor surface potential in Si-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> structure after irradiation and subsequent annealing

Fluctuations of the semiconductor surface potential in a Si-SiO₂ structure, caused by irradiation with different high-energy particles (50 MeV electrons and 40 keV arsenic ions) and subsequent annealing, have been studied by measuring the semiconductor interface state parameters. It is established that the fluctuation of the semiconductor surface potential decreases slightly, from 0.049 V to 0.044 V, after irradiation, while a considerable increase is observed after annealing. For the samples irradiated by arsenic ions, the increase in fluctuation is much larger (0.096 V) than that for the electron-irradiated samples (0.06 V).     

Synthesis of CdS nanocrystals by a microwave activated method and investigation of the photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties

We have synthesized CdS nanocrystals (NCs) by a microwave activated method. CdSO₄ and Na₂S₂O₃ were used as the precursors and thioglycolic acid (TGA) was used as capping agent molecule. The aqueous synthesis was based on the heat sensitivity of Na₂S₂O₃. In this method, microwave irradiation creates the activation energy for dissociation of Na₂S₂O₃ and leads to the CdS NCs formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses demonstrated hexagonal phase CdS NCs with an average size around 3 nm for sample prepared at 5 min irradiation time. A band gap range of 3.38-2.89 eV was possible only by increasing the microwave irradiation time, corresponding to a 2.7-3.7 nm size. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed a white emission between 400 and 750 nm. The best attained PL quantum yield (QY) of the NCs was about 10%. Synthesized NCs were used as emissive layer in a light emitting device (LED) with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/CdS-NCs/AL structure. Turn on voltage of fabricated device was about 7 V. The CIE color coordinate of the LED at (0.34, 0.43) demonstrated a near white light LED with an emission on green-yellow boundary of white.     

Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on structure and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 thin films cathode material for Li-ion micro-batteries

Two kinds of spinel LiMn₂O₄ thin film for lithium ion micro-batteries were successfully prepared on polycrystal Pt substrates by spin coating methods, which were carried out under ultrasonic irradiation (USG) and magnetic stirring (MSG), respectively. The microstructures and electrochemical performance of LiMn₂O₄ thin films were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. It was found that the crystalline structure of USG samples grew better than that of the MSG samples. At the same time, higher discharge capacity and better cycle stability were obtained for the LiMn₂O₄ thin films of USG at the current density of 50 μAh/cm² between 3.0 and 4.3 V. The 1st discharge capacity was 57.8 μAh/cm²-μm for USG thin films and 51.7 μAh/cm²-μm for MSG thin films. After 50 cycles, 91.4% and 69% of discharge capacity could be retained respectively, indicating that ultrasonic irradiation condition during spin coating was more suitable for preparing spinel LiMn₂O₄ thin films with better electrode performance for lithium ion micro-batteries.     

4H-SiC NMOS电子、质子辐照数值模拟

 分析了高能电子、质子对4H-SiC的损伤机理,建立了4H-SiC NMOS器件物理模型。电子、质子辐照效应模型。应用ISE-TCAD软件进行数值模拟计算,得出在能量为2.5 MeV、注量为5×10¹³ cm^-2的电子辐照及能量为6.5 MeV、注量为2×10¹⁴ cm^-2的质子辐照下,4H-SiC NMOS转移特性曲线和亚阈值漏电流曲线变化的初步规律。数值模拟结果与相同条件下Si NMOS实验结果吻合较好。     

弱光紫外星模拟器的研制

为了解决月基紫外深空观测相机地面定标的难题,研制了一种动态范围大、星等模拟精度高的紫外星模拟器。该模拟器采用5 m离轴光管作为准直光学系统,用双积分球系统作为均匀光源,可模拟3～16等星的弱目标,其星等最小分辨率为0.2等星,星等不确定度为5.48%。通过试验证明,该星模拟器完全满足月基紫外弱光星等深空观测相机地面定标的试验要求,不仅可以在实验室内标定紫外观测相机的探测能力和灵敏度,还可用于测试观测相机的其它参数指标,为发展深空高轨探测相机提供了地面定标基础。     

Combined of ultrasound irradiation with high hydrostatic pressure (US/HHP) as a new method to improve immobilization of dextranase onto alginate gel

In this research work, dextranase was immobilized onto calcium alginate beads by the combination of ultrasonic irradiation and high hydrostatic pressure (US/HHP) treatments. Effects of US/HHP treatments on loading efficiency and immobilization yield of dextranase enzyme onto calcium alginate beads were investigated. Furthermore, the activities of immobilized enzymes prepared with and without US/HHP treatments and that prepared with ultrasonic irradiation (US) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), as a function of pH, temperature, recyclability and enzyme kinetic parameters, were compared with that for free enzyme. The maximum loading efficiency and the immobilization yield were observed when the immobilized dextranase was prepared with US (40 W at 25 kHz for 15 min) combined with HHP (400 MPa for 15 min), under which the loading efficiency and the immobilization yield increased by 88.92% and 80.86%, respectively, compared to immobilized enzymes prepared without US/HHP treatment. On the other hand, immobilized enzyme prepared with US/HHP treatment showed V_max, K_M, catalytic and specificity constants values higher than that for the immobilized enzyme prepared with HHP treatment, indicated that, this new US/HHP method improved the catalytic kinetics activity of immobilized dextranase at all the reaction conditions studied. Compared to immobilized enzyme prepared either with US or HHP, the immobilized enzymes prepared with US/HHP method exhibited a higher: pH optimum, optimal reaction temperature, thermal stability and recyclability, and lower activation energy, which, illustrating the effectiveness of the US/HHP method. These results indicated that, the combination of US and HHP treatments could be an effective method for improving the immobilization of enzymes in polymers.     

Thermoluminescence in two varieties of jadeite: Irradiation effects and application to high dose dosimetry

The thermoluminescence properties of white (WJ) and green (GJ) mineral jadeite have been investigated with a view to be of use in high dose dosimetry. WJ presented glow curve with 110, 190 and 235 °C peaks. All these peaks grow with radiation dose. The glow curve of GJ the green variety has TL peaks at 140, 210, 250 and 330 °C. We also observed that there is a difference between the TL glow curves for both samples, irradiated with gamma and electron. As expected the green jadeite can be used for measurement of dose as high as 50 kGy.