液相色谱-质谱联用法测定血液中全氟化合物

研究了快速溶剂萃取-液相色谱/质谱联用技术测定血液中PFAAs的方法。血液样品经过冷冻干燥,利用加速溶剂萃取的方法,最后使用液相色谱-质谱仪分析检测PFAAs成分。方法的回收率为74.6%~128.8%,检出限为1.10~25.1 ng/L。通过对珠江三角洲地区人群血液样本的分析,发现∑9PFAAs的浓度为26.8~557 ng/g,平均值为176±90.1 ng/g。血液中PFAAs的主要成分以PFHxA和PFOS为主,分别占血液中PFAAs浓度的20.97%和66.98%。人群血液中最常见和浓度最高的PFAAs是PFOS,而PFOA浓度相对较低。     

加速溶剂萃取-磁固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中10种氟喹诺酮类药物残留

养殖过程中的不合理使用和滥用使得水产品中氟喹诺酮抗生素残留累积量呈递增趋势,对人类的健康造成潜在的风险。建立高效、灵敏和可靠的水产品中氟喹诺酮类药物的同时分析方法十分重要。该研究建立了加速溶剂萃取-磁固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ASE-MSPE-HPLC-MS/MS)测定水产品中沙拉沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、丹氟沙星、洛美沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、依诺沙星、诺氟沙星和双氟沙星残留的检测方法。采用室温自组装法,即在室温(25 ℃)下,将氧化石墨烯和零价纳米铁储备液快速涡旋混合,磁性分离收集沉淀物,得到GO@nZVI磁性复合材料。以扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X-射线衍射对磁性复合材料进行表征,结果显示GO@nZVI成功制备。该材料应用于MSPE净化中,ASE萃取温度为70 ℃,萃取溶剂为甲醇,萃取压力为10.34 MPa,静态萃取时间为5 min,循环萃取3次。萃取液浓缩后经MSPE有效净化后,采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.8 μm)梯度洗脱分离,MS/MS电喷雾正离子(ESI⁺)扫描、多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定量分析。氟喹诺酮的线性范围为1~100 μg/kg,线性相关系数(r²)均大于0.9995;目标物的检出限(S/N=3)为0.02~0.29 μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.07~0.98 μg/kg。所建方法成功用于黄鱼、草鱼、黑鱼、明虾和沼虾中氟喹诺酮的测定,在1倍、2倍、10倍定量限加标水平下得到的加标回收率为81.6%~105.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.2%~13.6%。研究表明,将ASE与MSPE有机结合,利用外部磁场实现萃取液的净化,无需离心和过滤操作,溶剂用量少,并且该方法所使用磁性萃取材料制备方法简单,具有自动化程度高、简便快速、方法灵敏度高、准确度高、重复性好等特点,可满足对水产品中FQs残留限量检测要求,具有实际应用前景。     

在线固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蘑菇中毒患者尿液中痕量α -鹅膏毒肽

建立了在线固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱（online SPE-LC-MS/MS）测定蘑菇中毒患者尿液中痕量α -鹅膏毒肽的分析方法。样品经甲酸酸化的乙腈-甲醇（5：1,v/v）沉淀蛋白质,反相液液微萃取去除样品提取液中的有机溶剂,毒素经ODS微柱（5 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm）在线SPE净化,XBridge^TM BEH C₁₈ 色谱柱（150 mm×3.0 mm,2.5 μm）分离,MS/MS测定。采用基于定量环的快速阀切换技术作为在线SPE和LC-MS/MS模块的接口,使得两个分离模块互相独立,无论是流动相还是压力,都不会互相干扰,保证了系统的稳定性;在线系统的精准净化,有效消除了后续质谱检测的基质效应,确保了尿液中痕量水平α -鹅膏毒肽的定性定量检测。尿液中α -鹅膏毒肽在0.1~50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r ² ）为0.9983;检出限（LOD）为0.03 μg/L;α -鹅膏毒肽的加标（0.1、2.0和20 μg/L）平均回收率为84.3%~91.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.8%~7.2%。体内鹅膏毒肽代谢迅速,生物基质中痕量水平毒素的检测是其中毒实验室鉴定的主要难题,通过实际样品检测,证明该法操作简单,准确、灵敏;溶剂沉淀蛋白质和反相液液微萃取去除有机相和脂溶性基质的简单操作,可以作为水溶性毒素在线SPE-LC-MS/MS检测时快速且有效的配套前处理方法;基于在线SPE精准净化技术,可以实现尿液中α -鹅膏毒肽的高灵敏度测定（LOD为0.03 μg/L）,解决了中毒时患者体内痕量水平α -鹅膏毒肽定性确证的难题,部分患者α -鹅膏毒肽中毒实验室鉴定的时间可以扩展到90 h以上;同时,痕量水平的定量检测技术,可以为中毒后迅速代谢的α -鹅膏毒肽在体内的剂量反应关系研究提供可靠的技术支撑。     

QuEChERS提取-高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定水产品中3种蓝藻毒素的含量

取水产品样品2.00g与2g无水硫酸钠混匀后加入提取剂10 mL甲醇,涡旋振荡5min后超声提取5 min,再离心5 min,取其上清液。在上清液中加入500 mg中性氧化铝和15mg石墨化碳黑(GCB)涡旋振荡1min,离心5min,取上清液,于40℃下吹氮至近干,用体积比为1∶1的流动相A-流动相B混合溶液溶解残渣并定容至2.0mL,经0.22μm滤膜过滤,取其滤液按高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定其中3种蓝藻毒素的含量。色谱分离中用Hypersile Gold C8色谱柱(150mm×2.1mm,3μm)为固定相,用不同比例的流动相A和流动相B两溶液的混合液作为流动相进行程序梯度洗脱。质谱测定中采用电喷雾离子源,正、负离子切换模式。由于3种蓝藻毒素均产生基质减弱效应,制作工作曲线需用基质标准溶液以消除基质效应。结果表明:所测3种蓝藻毒素均在10~200μg·L^-1内与其峰面积之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)均为5μg·kg^-1。通过标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率为68.3%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为7.7%~17%。     

石墨相氮化碳材料在样品前处理中的研究进展

作为一种新型非金属材料,石墨相氮化碳以其独特的优点,如简单的制备方法、优良的化学及热稳定性、良好的生物兼容性和无毒性等,受到越来越多的关注。石墨相氮化碳及其复合材料目前已被广泛应用于电催化、光催化、生物成像等领域。由于具有大的比表面积,同时又是富电子的疏水材料,石墨相氮化碳相关材料被认为是一种理想的样品前处理吸附剂。该文探讨了近年来石墨相氮化碳及其复合材料作为固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、固相微萃取吸附剂在样品前处理中的应用,并对未来的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望,以期为相关领域的研究提供帮助。     

Sample Preparation Methods for Lipidomics Approaches Used in Studies of Obesity

Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition and amounts of lipids. Lipids have over 1.7 million representatives. Most lipid groups differ in composition, properties and chemical structure. These small molecules control various metabolic pathways, determine the metabolism of other compounds and are substrates for the syntheses of different derivatives. Recently, lipidomics has become an important branch of medical/clinical sciences similar to proteomics and genomics. Due to the much higher lipid accumulation in obese patients and many alterations in the compositions of various groups of lipids, the methods used for sample preparations for lipidomic studies of samples from obese subjects sometimes have to be modified. Appropriate sample preparation methods allow for the identification of a wide range of analytes by advanced analytical methods, including mass spectrometry. This is especially the case in studies with obese subjects, as the amounts of some lipids are much higher, others are present in trace amounts, and obese subjects have some specific alterations of the lipid profile. As a result, it is best to use a method previously tested on samples from obese subjects. However, most of these methods can be also used in healthy, nonobese subjects or patients with other dyslipidemias. This review is an overview of sample preparation methods for analysis as one of the major critical steps in the overall analytical procedure.     

Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Indium(III) from the HCl Medium by Ionic Liquid A327H+Cl− and Its Use in a Supported Liquid Membrane System

Ionic liquid A327H⁺Cl⁻ was generated by reaction of tertiary amine A327 and HCl, and the liquid-liquid extraction of indium(III) from the HCl medium by this ionic liquid dissolved in Solvesso 100 was investigated. The extraction reaction is exothermic. The numerical analysis of indium distribution data suggests the formation of A327H⁺InCl₄⁻ in the organic phase. The results derived from indium(III) extraction have been implemented in a supported liquid membrane system. The influence of the stirring speed (600–1200 min⁻¹), carrier concentration (2.5–20% v/v) in the membrane phase, and indium concentration (0.01–0.2 g/L) in the feed phase on metal transport have been investigated.     

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Sesamum indicum

Abstract

Effective extraction of phyto-biomolecules insures retaining maximum functionality along with higher recovery. In this study, ultrasound-solvent assisted extraction (USAE) was employed for optimal extraction of phyto-biomolecules from Sesamum indicum (sesame) leaves using the approach of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized condition of 200?W power, 59% methanol concentration with 1:14?g/mL solid–liquid ratio and 15?min of extraction time yielded 367.39?±?1.85?mg GAE/100?g of total phenolic content, 96.72?±?3.27% of free radical scavenging activity and 81.20?±?2.87% of iron chelating activity respectively. The extract consist of essential phytocomponents like gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin with lipid peroxidation activities of >50% over incubation time of 48?h. Also, showed antimicrobial activity against various Gram’s negative and positive food borne pathogens. The results of this study implied the importance of USAE for effective and optimum recovery of phyto-biomolecules from Sesame leaves with retained functional properties.     

Preparation of magnetic attapulgite/polypyrrole nanocomposites for magnetic effervescence‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction of pyrethroids from honey samples

In this work, a novel extraction technique based on the effervescence‐assisted dispersion and magnetic recovery of attapulgite/polypyrrole sorbents was developed for determining the concentrations of five pyrethroids in honey samples. The magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by a one‐pot method. Several experimental parameters that affected the extraction efficiency, including the dispersion conditions, pH, ionic strength, and desorption conditions, were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the calibration curves for the five pyrethroids in honey samples exhibited good linearity, with r² values ranging from 0.9979 to 0.9990. The limits of detection varied between 0.21 and 0.34 µg/L. Satisfactory recoveries of 81.42–106.73% with intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations of less than 6.94 and 10.89%, respectively, were obtained. Moreover, the sorbents exhibited acceptable batch‐to‐batch repeatability in the range of 5.06–15.01%, and each sorbent could be reused for up to four extraction cycles without a significant loss in the extraction recovery.     

Self‐assembly of poly(ionic liquid) functionalized mesoporous magnetic microspheres for the solid‐phase extraction of preservatives from milk samples

In this work, a novel, rapid, and simple analytical method was proposed for the detection of parabens in milk sample by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. At the same time, milk sample was pretreated by magnetic solid phase extraction, which detected up to five parabens. A series of important parameters of magnetic solid phase extraction were investigated and optimized, such as pH value of loading buffer, amount of material, adsorption time, ionic strength, eluting solvents, and eluting time. Under the optimized conditions, the corresponding values were more than 0.9991, limits of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, the recoveries were achieved in range of 95–105%, the liner range were within 0.1–600 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviations were even lower than 5%.