单壁碳纳米管电子输运特性的稳定性分析

基于变形单壁碳纳米管能量色散关系,计算了碳纳米管最低导带的电子速度及有效质量随形变系数变化的各种曲线,以此推测碳纳米管输运性质的稳定性问题.计算结果表明：对于特定类型的碳纳米管,只当其形变发生在某特定方向、且处于低形变（形变系数ε≤002 ）区时,电子平均速度v_mean及平均有效质量m^*_mean随形变改变才会很小（相对改变量≤2%）,这意味着此时的碳纳米管低偏压电子输运性能是基本稳定的.而其他形变情形,电子平均速度v_mean或电子平均有效质量m^*_mean或两者随形变变化明显,甚至有跃变,这意味着其低偏压电子输运性能是不稳定的,甚至极不稳定. 关键词： 变形单壁碳纳米管 电子速度 电子有效质量 输运性能稳定性     

颗粒固体弹性势能的声波性质

基于大量静止颗粒堆积而成的物体属于非线性弹性体的观点,计算了其弹性势能的声速表达式(考虑圆柱对称和沿主应力方向传播的平面波情形).通过与己报道的一些实验数据的对比,认为精密的声学方法能够测定势能中的所有材料参数,因此是研究这类材料非线性弹性行为细节的一个重要观测手段,但需要对样品的所有应力、密度和均匀程度进行全面仔细的监控.     

Study on the denoising method for the electromagnetic ultrasonic echoes from multiple interfaces

The electromagnetic ultrasound is used in the detection of interfaces of the adhesive multilayer structures to solve the unstable coupling problem in ultrasonic testing by traditional piezoelectric transducers. Based on the analysis of the transforming mechanism of electromag-netic ultrasound energy and the resultant dead zone from mutual inductance of the transducer, the wavelet filtering by soft-thresholding and adaptive noise canceling methods are used simul-taneously to the detected electromagnetic ultrasonic signals to overcome the drawbacks of the low signal to noise ratio （SNR） and the wide intrinsic dead zone of the transducer. Processed results in the interface detection of a three layered adhesive sample of steel and rubber materials demonstrate that the wavelet filtering enhances the SNR about 12dB while the adaptive noise canceling narrows the dead zone effectively.     

固体杨氏模量的测量

通过测量超声波在固体介质中传播的纵波传播速度,进一步测量该固体的杨氏模量,得到了测量固体杨氏模量的一种新方法。     

The application of laser reflective tomography in near-field measurements of ultrasonic transducers

With Laser Reflective Tomography（LRT）,the near fields of ultrasonic transducers were measured and analyzed.The principle of LRT measurement of ultrasonic field distribution was introduced and an experimental system was set up.Acoustic pressure of a multiple element piston transducer was measured by using of a laser vibrometer.Its distribution in amplitude and phase was obtained.The acoustic pressure in the same region was measured with a needle hydrophone to validate the LRT method.Furthermore,through reconstruction of acoustic fields,it indicated that LRT method is suitable for predicting the distribution on transducers＇surface and conditions of active elements.     

转筒黏度计测量液体黏度方法研究

用黏性流体力学理论求得测量装置中旋转液体径向速度梯度的理论公式,进而得到转筒法测量黏度的较精确公式.指出了国内的一些教材和文献在推导中使用近似公式的错误,用参数估计的方法求得测量装置的摩擦阻力力矩,使测量结果得到进一步校正.实验研究表明:按照近似公式与精确公式计算求得的径向速度梯度之差可达到13.1%,求得的液体黏度之差可达到28.6%;在蓖麻油的温度为25.5℃时测得测量装置的摩擦阻力力矩为9.482×10-5 N·m,相当于0.540克重物产生的力矩.     

基于超声波干涉的峰谷法计算声速值及实验误差探讨

介绍了基于Cassy Lab软件下的超声波干涉实验,提出了利用超声波干涉现象测量声速的方法.根据干涉理论推导了峰谷法测量声速的计算公式.分析和探讨了峰谷法计算声速的误差来源和改进方法.     

脉冲激光频域干涉技术在超快动力学物理中的应用

介绍了一种具有fs时间分辨力的超短脉冲激光频域干涉测试技术,详细论述了该技术的工作原理和系统构成,指出传输时间差和相位差是影响频域干涉条纹周期的主要因素。采用脉冲激光频域干涉仪测量了200 nm厚度铝膜在波长800 nm、单脉冲能量0.7 mJ、脉宽35 fs脉冲激光作用下的运动速度剖面。在单次飞秒脉冲激光作用下,铝膜自由面的运动速度峰值可达960 m/s,速度剖面的上升前沿小于5.77 ps,表明脉冲激光频域干涉技术可用于测量材料在超快脉冲激光作用下的冲击动力学参数。     

Optoacoustic interaction in uniaxial gyrotropic quartz crystals

The specific features are considered of the noncollinear optoacoustic interaction in uniaxial gyrotropic quartz crystals in an intermeadiate regime of diffraction close to the Bragg regime. A system of equations of coupled waves is presented which describes the optoacoustic interaction in uniaxial gyrotropic crystals in the Raman-Nath, intermedaite, and the Bragg regimes of diffraction. The dependences of the diffraction efficiency on the ultrasonic wave intensity, the optoacoustic interaction length, and on the incident light polarization are investigated. A multispike structure of the Bragg maximum is studied that appears in accounting for the crystal gyrotropy. A good agreement between the theoretical calculations and the known experimental results for a quartz crystal is shown. Mozyr State Pedagogical Institute, 28, Studencheskaya Str., Mozyr, 247760, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 278–281, March–April, 1999.     

探测超声微振动的激光外差干涉仪

激光超声是一项新兴的技术，可应用于非接触检测。本文作者研制的探测超声微振动的激光外差干涉仪，该装置具有结构简单，不必采用复杂的反馈回路，只要采用简单的滤波就可以消除外界环境引起的干扰，更重要的是它的测量结果与干涉仪的初相无关，为实际应用提供了很大方便。