羧基丁苯-纳米氧化硅复合粉末增韧聚苯乙烯的研究

用直接分散聚合法制备了羧基丁苯-纳米氧化硅杂化胶乳,经喷雾干燥得到的羧基丁苯-纳米氧化硅复合粉末通过本体-悬浮聚合和熔融共混法制备了高抗冲聚苯乙烯.结果表明,本体/悬浮聚合法中预聚转化率的控制与复合粉末的加入量有关,当加入的复合粉末的质量分数为0.05时,冲击强度可提高5倍,也高于熔融共混法所制备的改性聚苯乙烯.本体/悬浮聚合法制备的改性聚苯乙烯的热分解温度（Td）高于熔融共混法改性的,且Td随复合粉末加入量的增加而提高,但改性聚苯乙烯的刚性有一定程度的降低,而对材料的玻璃化转变温度影响不大.     

超微粒La-Co氧化物催化剂对柴油机尾气碳黑催化燃烧性能的研究

用有机酸络合法制备了Co3O4，NiCo2O4和LaCo2O43种催化剂。通过程序升温氧化反应(TPO)技术对这3种催化剂进行模拟柴油碳黑催化燃烧反应的活性评价。研究发现以Co3O4为活性成分的催化剂能显著降低碳黑燃烧的温度。以Ni和La部分取代Co3O4后形成的复合氧化物NiCo2O4和混合氧化物LaCo2O4能改进Co3O4的氧化活性。但是NiCo2O4不能改进碳黑在松散接触时的燃烧活性；而混合氧化物LaCo2O4由于形成了超微粒含缺陷的LaCoO3钙钛矿型结构，它具有良好的低温氧化活性和表面原子移动性，因而能显著改进碳黑在松散接触时的燃烧活性。     

纳米金属粉对高氯酸铵热分解特性的影响

催化性能;纳米金属粉对高氯酸铵热分解特性的影响     

Synthesis of Ultra-Fine Columbite Powder MgNb2O6 by the Polymerized Complex Method

Pure MgNb₂O₆ powders with high specific surface area and high crystallinity have been successfully synthesized by the Polymerized Complex (PC) Method. A solution of water, citric acid, ethylene glycol and niobium and magnesium ions, was polymerized at 130°C by the water elimination and was calcined at 400°C for 2 h. The precursor formed was calcined at temperatures from 700°C to 1000°C in air to obtain the columbite phase. Thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, adsorption/desorption hysteresis and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the polymer decomposition and the columbite phase evolution. No evidence for phase separation of crystalline MgCO₃ and Nb₂O₅ in Raman spectra and x-ray diffraction pattern as distinct intermediates were found, and the MgNb₂O₆ probably is formed through a single-step decomposition of oxycarbonate intermediate, as other double oxide synthesized by the PC Method, as indicated by the thermal decomposition of the precursor.     

双黄连粉针剂中黄芩苷的高效毛细管电泳-电导法测定

建立了双黄连粉针剂中黄芩苷含量测定的高效毛细管电泳电导法;以未涂层融硅毛细管(75μm×50cm)为分离柱,Tris-H3BO3为电泳介质(15mmo1/LTris,1.5mmol/LH3BO3),在18kV、pH85的碱性环境下,柱端电导检测双黄连粉针剂中的黄芩苷含量;重点探讨了缓冲溶液的种类、浓度、分离电压、进样时间对检测的影响;该法的线性范围为10～720mg/L,检出限为2.5mg/L;结果表明该法简便、快速、结果准确,适用于含黄芩苷的制剂含量的测定.     

红外吸收法测定碳化铪粉末中的氧含量

应用氧氮分析仪建立碳化铪粉末中氧的测定方法。针对碳化铪熔点极高的特性,对加热功率、称样量和空白值等测定条件进行探讨,选择适合的助熔剂和高温石墨坩埚,确定了最佳测试条件。将该方法用于实际样品测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2.0%(n=9),样品的加标回收率为98.1%～102.6%。     

奶粉中链霉素与双氢链霉素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了奶粉样品中链霉素与双氢链霉素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品用ED-TA-Na2缓冲溶液提取,弱阳离子交换树脂固相萃取柱(WCX)净化后,采用HILIC色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈和含0.3%甲酸的100 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式测定,外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,链霉素和双氢链霉素在2.0~50.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,检出限均为0.01 mg/kg,方法的回收率为74%~110%,相对标准偏差均不大于9.4%。该方法简便、快速、实用、准确,能够满足奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的检测要求。     

Investigation on the structural and electrical properties of NdSrNi1−xCrxO4+δ (0.1≤x≤0.9) system

The phases NdSrNi_1−xCr_xO_4+δ (0.1≤x≤0.9) have been synthesized by modified sol-gel method and subsequent annealing at 1250 °C in 1 atm of flowing argon. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and electrical resistivity have been measured at room temperature. Rietveld refinement shows that all compositions with x>0.1 were found to crystallize in the tetragonal K₂NiF₄ type structure in the space group I4/mmm, while for x=0.1, a mixture of two phases with the tetragonal space group I4/mmm and the orthorhombic space group Fmmm. Variations of a and c parameters show a complex behavior with increasing chromium content. It was established that compounds with chromium content less then x≤0.5 are oxygen-deficient, while for x>0.5 the sample are oxygen-overstoichiometric. The NdSrNi_0.5Cr_0.5O_4+δ compound exhibits semiconductive behavior and the electrical transport mechanism agrees with the non-adiabatic small polaron hopping model in the temperature ranges 298-493, 493-573 and 573-703 K separately.     

红外辐射多相复合粉体常温发射率的提高及波段宽化

通过多相成分分析, 以镁铝硝酸盐、正硅酸乙酯、钛酸四丁酯和氧氯化锆等为原料, 采用溶胶\|凝胶燃烧法合成了新型复相氧化物粉体, 研究了Ni和Fe离子掺杂及粉体细化对红外辐射率的提高及波段宽化的影响. XRD物相分析发现, 在1100～1200 ℃范围内煅烧可获得结晶良好的氧化物粉体, 该粉体的结构为堇青石及金红石等多相结构. 采用碳酸氢铵为pH调节剂与使用氨水相比, 粒子中位粒径有显著减小. 红外辐射性能显示, 在1～22 μm的宽波段内, 该复合粉体均具有很高的红外发射率, 在10 μm附近其红外发射率达到98%. 同时Ni及Fe离子的掺杂及粉体细化可引起堇青石晶格畸变, 增强了材料的非简谐效应, 从而有利于复合粉体红外辐射率的提高.     

锂离子电池爆喷失效后残留粉末的研究

由电池挤压试验机得到不同荷电状态的电池爆喷失效后的残留粉末.经称量、水溶解和X射线衍射(XRD)测试,结果表明,随着电池荷电状态的提高,单位能量升高,电池燃烧温度上升和持续时间延长,其铜箔完好程度逐渐降低,粉末残余量逐渐减少.依据水溶解实验可将残留粉末分为不溶粉末和可溶粉末2种,其中不溶粉末较多,主要成分有C、Co和CoO;可溶粉末较少,主要成分有Li2CO3和LiF.随着电池荷电状态的提高,不溶粉末含量逐渐减少,而可溶粉末含量逐渐增多.