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21.
Veronica?StigssonEmail author G?ran?Kloow Ulf?Germg?rd Niclas?Andersson 《Cellulose (London, England)》2005,12(4):395-401
Controlling the reduction in molecular weight of the cellulose chains is essential in the production of carboxymethyl cellulose
(CMC). Such a reduction can be achieved by the addition of cobalt during the process of cobalt(II) ions, which act as a catalyst
for oxidative cleavage, and the influence thereof has been studied under a variety of conditions. This study has resulted
in a model that summarises the effects of the added amount of cobalt, the time for the cobalt reaction, the temperature in
the mercerisation stage of the CMC-manufacturing process and finally the effect of the temperature in the etherification stage.
It is shown that it is important for cobalt to be present during the mercerisation stage in order to achieve the desired viscosity. 相似文献
22.
23.
羟丙基甲基纤维素作为水泥添加剂研究(四) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以萘磺酸甲醛缩合物为分散剂,水溶性羟丙基甲基纤维素衍生物为粘稠剂,研究了它们的混合物对混凝土材料的分散性与粘稠性及其它性能的影响,并探索了其作用机理。 相似文献
24.
25.
JinShengZHAO ZhenYuYANG YiHeZHANG ZhengYuYANG 《中国化学快报》2004,15(11):1361-1364
Cellulose/cellulose acetate membranes were prepared and functionalized by introducingamino group on it, and then immobilized the glucose oxidase (Gox) on the functionalizd membrane.SECM was applied for the detection of enzyme activity immobilized on the membrane.Immobilized biomolecules on such membranes was combined with analysis apparatus and can beused in bioassays. 相似文献
26.
Graft copolymerization of an ethyl acrylate (EA) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomer mixture onto water-soluble hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was investigated with potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator in an aqueous medium. The effects of introducing DMAEMA onto the graft copolymerization and the properties of the resulting latex that was produced were studied systematically. The optimum conditions for the graft copolymerization in terms of percentage of grafting and grafting efficiency were determined. The graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, elemental analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering methods. The results suggest that the introduction of the DMAEMA monomer clearly accelerates the initial rate of the graft copolymerization, whereas the grafting parameters decrease significantly with increasing amounts of DMAEMA. These results can be attributed to the relatively large size of the DMAEMA molecule, its redox reaction with KPS, its hydrophilicity in water, and its chain transfer effect. The equilibrium humidity adsorption behavior and acid solubility of graft the copolymer films were also studied. 相似文献
27.
The main product of the reaction of 1-methylcyclobutanol with Pb(OAc)4 in benzene is 1-phenyl-4-pentanone; the use of Mn(OAc)3 in acetic acid gives a mixture of 2,9-decanedione and methyl propyl ketone; 1-(chloro-, bromo-, thiocyano-, or cyano)-4-pentanone is formed in the presence of the systems Pb(OAc)4-metal halide or Mn(OAc)3-metal halide.N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117913 Moscow. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2760–2763, December, 1992. 相似文献
28.
Philip Wormald Kristina Wickholm Per Tomas Larsson Tommy Iversen 《Cellulose (London, England)》1996,3(1):141-152
An investigation into the effects of mechanical treatment and hydration on the order of cellulose substrates (microcrystalline cellulose and Cladophora cellulose) was performed by the use of ball milling followed by cyclic wetting and drying. The results, monitored by13C-CP/MAS NMR-spectroscopy, were evaluated by calculation of the crystallinity indices and principal component analysis of the NMR data acquired. The results showed that a large part of the disorder induced by the mechanical treatment of cellulose by ball milling is reversible and reordering upon hydration leads to the cellulose I form initially present. The C4 signals corresponding to the reversibly disordered cellulose chains are observed in the amorphous region between 79 and 86 ppm in the13C-CP/MAS NMR-spectra together with signals from cellulose chains on the surface of ordered regions. The peak cluster which contains the C2, C3 and C5 ring carbons can be divided into two specific spectral regions; one between 74 and 77 ppm largely originates from ring carbons within disordered cellulose structures, and one between 70 and 74 ppm contains larger contributions from ordered cellulose. The behaviour of the celluloses upon milling is in accordance with a concept of ordered cellulose fibrils containing amorphous cellulose mainly as surface layers and induced reversible lattice distortions. 相似文献
29.
30.
Limited land and insufficient technicians to operate a wastewater treatment system are main restrictions for many factories.
Therefore, an ideal wastewater treatment method for a small or land-limited factory must possess merits such as high performance
efficiency, high organic loading rate, little odor, simple operation, easy maintenance, and little land required (simultaneously).
An entrapment technique to immobilize mixed microorganisms to treat organic wastewater, which was developed in the present
work, possesses these characteristics. This project was done on a laboratory scale. The microorganisms were activated sludge
(an undefined mixture of microorganisms obtained directly from a domestic wastewater treatment plan) and the mixed microorganisms
were immobilized in cellulose triacetate by means of an entrapment technique to treat organic wastewater from food industry.
After wastewater was treated by this system, the SCOD (soluble COD) removal efficiency of 81% evaluated samples exceeded 80%
in 1.5 ± 0.9 g SCOD/L/d of the volumetric loading rate and 7–10 h for the hydraulic retention time. This wastewater treatment
method can be applied to other organic industrial wastewater. 相似文献