转动喇曼散射截面的群论计算

本文利用群链U(4)U(3)O(3)描述双原子分子N_2和O_2振转谱的对称性质,并利用群论方法计算了N_2和O_2分子转动喇曼散射的跃迁矩阵元,给出了它们的转动喇曼散射的截面。结果与实验较好地符合。     

金催化化学发光新体系——苯并吡喃化学发光分析法测定金矿中的痕量金

本文提出了一种测定矿样中痕量金的化学发光分析法,氯化6,7-二羟基-2,4-二甲基苯并吡喃-H_2O_2化学发光体系,方法的检出限为7ppb。工作曲线线性范围是10～1000ppbAu,测定的相对标准偏差小于7％。应用本法测定矿样中的金,结果良好。     

Charge order and spin order in Nd_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Mn_(1-x)(Ga_x, Ti_x)O_3 system

Magnetic properties of Nd_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Mn_(1-x)(Ga_x, Ti_x)O_3 system (0.04≤x≤0.4) were inves- tigated through magnetization and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. It was observed that a small amount of Ti substitution for Mn will destroy the charge-ordering (CO) phase completely and induce the cluster-spin-glass phase in the system, which displays a procedure of collapse of CO and of an enhancement of spin ordering (SO) phase. In contrast, the Ga substitution for Mn induces a melt- ing of CO phase in the system. It was observed that with substitution the CO phase is suppressed gradually and the remanent CO phase is retained all the while, and withal, there is a co-existence of AFM CO phase and FM SO at low temperature. In addition, an abrupt rise of magnetization was observed in M-T curves. We attributed this abnormal phenomenon to a transition from canted AFM SO to FM SO in CO region.     

Explicit Confinement Effect on the Helicity Amplitudes of the Low-Lying Nucleon Resonances

Calculations of helicity amplitudes for the low-lying nucleon resonances are displayed based on a non-relativistic constituent quark model with a harmonic oscillator confinement. The explicit effect of quark confinement isshown. Our results show that the effect plays sizable role on some transition amplitudes of S11(1535) and D13(1520)resonances. The effect on the △(1232) transition amplitudes islessthan 10%. However, the effect on the Roper resonanceis remarkable but is inconclusive.     

Mechanism of the reaction of neutral and anionic N-nucleophiles with α-halocarbonyl compounds

N-Acylalkylation of neutral and anionic N-nucleophiles with α-halocarbonyl compounds was investigated by quantum chemical methods in terms of the density functional theory and by experimental methods for 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-1(10)H-5-one, its N-anion, and simpler model structures. High reactivity of these reagents is determined primarily by stabilization of transition states (TS) by bridge bonds involving halogen or nitrogen atoms rather than by conjugation, as has been commonly accepted. Bridged TS are formed by both the substitution mechanism S _N 2 and the addition-elimination mechanism. α-Haloalkyl-substituted zwitterions, which are potential intermediates of stepwise N-acylalkylation of neutral N-nucleophiles, do not exist in the isolated state, but they are rather efficiently stabilized upon solvation. These zwitterions, as well as analogous O-anions generated from anionic N-nucleophiles, can serve as intermediates of N-acylalkylation, as was demonstrated by localization of the corresponding TS. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1150–1164, June, 2007.     

衍射辐射及其在电子束诊断中的应用

衍射辐射是由于运动的带电粒子遇到随空间变化的电介质而由感应电流产生的一种辐射. 衍射辐射由于其非阻拦性, 多参数性, 可在线性, 非常适合下一代对撞机和第四代光源的电子束诊断. 简要介绍了其物理机制, 系统的讨论了其在电子束诊断中的应用.     

Palladium catalyzed mild reduction of α,β-unsaturated compounds by triethylsilane

The palladium(II) chloride/triethylsilane system has been successfully applied for the selective hydrogenation of the carbon-carbon double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketones to yield the corresponding saturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction takes place under mild conditions and affords high yields.     

The coexistence of γ(γ′) and θ alumina observed by STM and LEED on top of oxide layer grown on CoAl(1 0 0)

We report the coexistence of γ(γ′) and θ alumina grown on the CoAl(1 0 0) surface. Both phases were observed after annealing of alumina at 1150 K by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The crystal structures of γ(γ′) and θ alumina were indexed based on low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and STM experimental data.     

Optical bistability of planar metal/dielectric nonlinear nanostructures

We study theoretically a nonlinear response of the planar metal/dielectric nanostructures constituted from periodical array of ultra thin silver layers and the layers of Kerr-like nonlinear dielectric. We predict hysteresis-type dependences of the components of the tensor of effective dielectric permittivity on the field intensity allowing the change in material transmission properties from transparent to opaque and back at extremely low intensities of the light. It makes possible to control the light by light in all-optical nanoscale devices and circuits.     

Catalysis by Ir(III), Rh(III) and Pd(II) metal ions in the oxidation of organic compounds with H2O2

Catalytic activities of three transition metals, as iridium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) chloride and palladium (II) chloride, were compared in the oxidation of six aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p‐chloro benzaldehyde, p‐nitro benzaldehyde, m‐nitro benzaldehyde, p‐methoxy benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde), two hydrocarbons (viz. (anthracene and phenanthrene)) and one aromatic and one cyclic alcohol (cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol) by 50% H₂O₂. The presence of traces (substrate: catalyst ratio equal to 1:62500 to 1:1961) of the chlorides of iridium(III), rhodium(III) and palladium(II) catalyze these oxidations, resulting in good to excellent yields. It was observed that in most of the cases palladium(II) chloride is the most efficient catalyst. Conditions for the highest and most economical yields were obtained. Deviation from the optimum conditions decreases the yields. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at the aldehydeic group only and other groups remain unaffected. This new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe, also requires less time. Reactive species of catalysts, existing in the reaction mixture are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.