An experimental study on effects of solid concentration and ζ-potential on pseudoplastic flow of suspensions

The pseudoplastic flow of suspensions, alumina or styrene-acrylamide copolymer particles in water or an aqueous solution of glycerin has been studied by the step-shear-rate method. The relation between the shear rate,D, and the shear stress,, in the step-shear-rate measurements, where the state of dispersion was considered to be constant, was expressed as = AD ^1/2 +CD. The effective solid volume fraction,ø _F, andA were dependent on the shear rate and expressed byø _F =aD ^b andA = D . Combining the above relations, the steady flow curve was expressed by = D ^{1/2 +} + ₀ (1 – a D ^b/0.74)^–1.85 D, where ₀ is the viscosity of the medium.With an increase in solid volume fraction and a decreases in the absolute value of the-potential, the flow behavior of the suspensions changed from Newtonian ( = = b = 0), slightly pseudoplastic ( = b = 0), pseudoplastic ( = 0) to a Bingham-like behavior.The change in viscosity of the medium had an effect on the change in the effective volume fraction.     

A finite element explicit algorithm for solving the temporal temperature fields

Practical calculations and numerical experiments in this paper have shown that in elements relating to a common node it is acceptable and reasonable for derivaties of temperature with respect to time on nodes of those elements to be presented with one on common node, if linear interpolation shape function is taken. The relation between the derivative of temperature to time on a certain node and the temperature on other nodes around that node may therefore be established after discretization of the differential equation is made in space by the finite element method. Then an explicit scheme for calculating the temperature fields may be constructed. The obtained algebraic equations. being simple and the procedure being straight will be its two tangible advantages and its calculating will, therefore, be fast. The stability analysis by the maximum principle, as in the example quoted, proves that the stability condition is similar to that in implicit algorithms.     

UPWIND FINITE VOLUME SCHEMES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

The mathematical model of semiconductor devices is described by the initial boundary value problem of a system of three nonlinear partial differential equations. One equation in elliptic form is for the electrostatic potential; two equations of convection-dominated diffusion type are for the electron and hole concentrations. Finite volume element procedure are put forward for the electrostatic potential, while upwind     

Worst Case Traffic from Regulated Sources

We address the problem of finding the worst possible traffic a user of a telecommunications network can send. We take worst to mean having the highest effective bandwidth, a concept that arises in the Large Deviation theory of queueing networks. The traffic is assumed to be stationary and to satisfy leaky bucket constraints, which represent the a priori knowledge the network operator has concerning the traffic. Firstly, we show that this optimization problem may be reduced to an optimization over periodic traffic sources. Then, using convexity methods, we show that the realizations of a worst case source must have the following properties: at each instant the transmission rate must be either zero, the peak rate, or the leaky bucket rate; it may only be the latter when the leaky bucket is empty or full; each burst of activity must either start with the leaky bucket empty or end with it full.     

Opposed type double stage cell for Mbar pressure experiment with large sample volume

ABSTRACT

A new opposed type double-stage large volume cell has been developed to compress large volume samples to more than 100?GPa (Mbar) pressure. A pair of second-stage diamond anvils is introduced into the first-stage Paris–Edinburgh press. The double-stage large volume cell allows the generation of ultrahigh pressures using a large culet diameter of the second-stage diamond anvils (diameters of 0.5–1.2?mm). Pressure generation up to 131?GPa has been achieved by using the culet diameter of 0.5?mm. Sample volume of the double-stage large volume cell can be more than ～100 times larger than that of conventional Mbar experiment using a diamond anvil cell. The double-stage large volume cell has a large opening in the horizontal plane for X-ray measurements, which is particularly suited for the multi-angle energy dispersive X-ray diffraction measurement, thus opening a new way of in situ structural determinations of amorphous materials at Mbar pressures.     

A survey of surface tension,molar volume and density for Sn–Ag–Cu–Bi–Sb quinary alloys as lead-free solders

ABSTRACT

By applying the geometric models and the theoretical equation, the surface tension, the molar volume and the density were studied. The empirical calculations were carried out in temperature range 623?K?≤?T?≤?1123?K. Only few thermophysical properties were estimated for eight quinary alloys: Sn3.55Ag0.5Cu3Bi3Sb, Sn3.48Ag0.5Cu3Bi5Sb, Sn3.48 Ag0.5Cu5Bi3Sb, Sn3.40 Ag0.5Cu5Bi5Sb, Sn3.53Ag1Cu3Bi3Sb, Sn3.46Ag1Cu3Bi5Sb, Sn3.46Ag1Cu5Bi3Sb, Sn3.38Ag1Cu5Bi5Sb. The results show that surface tension and density have a linear appearance for all temperatures. We have also studied the influence of the composition and temperature in the studied alloys. The obtained theoretical results are compared with the experimental ones and with the conventional Pb–Sn welds.     

The Roper resonance in a finite volume

We calculate the energy levels corresponding to the Roper resonance based on a two-flavor chiral effective Lagrangian for pions, nucleons, deltas, and the Roper resonance at the leading one-loop order. We show that the Roper mass can be extracted from these levels for lattice volumes of moderate size.     

双稀土氧化物LnEuO3的Mossbauer效应研究

 本文首次利用高温高压方法合成了双稀土氧化物LaEuO₃、PrEuO₃、NdEuO₃和SmEuO₃。此外，还合成了CeEuO_3.5。X射线衍射分析表明LaEuO₃属A型（六方）结构，PrEuO₃、NdEuO₃和SmEuO₃属B型（单斜）结构，CeEuO_3.5属F型（萤石）结构。室温下用¹⁵¹Eu的21.6 eV γ射线测量了它们的Mossbauer谱，观察到了¹⁵¹Eu同质异能移位和四极劈裂强烈地依赖于Eu离子配位体体积而呈线性关系。超精细相互作用的这种体积效应，主要原因是由于Eu离子5s壳层的重叠畸变所引起。     

A genetic resampling particle filter for freeway traffic-state estimation

On-line estimation of the state of traffic based on data sampled by electronic detectors is important for intelligent traffic management and control.Because a nonlinear feature exists in the traffic state,and because particle filters have good characteristics when it comes to solving the nonlinear problem,a genetic resampling particle filter is proposed to estimate the state of freeway traffic.In this paper,a freeway section of the northern third ring road in the city of Beijing in China is considered as the experimental object.By analysing the traffic-state characteristics of the freeway,the traffic is modeled based on the second-order validated macroscopic traffic flow model.In order to solve the particle degeneration issue in the performance of the particle filter,a genetic mechanism is introduced into the resampling process.The realization of a genetic particle filter for freeway traffic-state estimation is discussed in detail,and the filter estimation performance is validated and evaluated by the achieved experimental data.     

Mixed traffic flow model considering illegal lane-changing behavior: Simulations in the framework of Kerner’s three-phase theory

This paper studies the mixed motorized vehicle (m$m$-vehicle) and non-motorized vehicle (nm$nm$-vehicle) traffic flow in the m$m$-vehicle lane. We study the formation mechanism of the nm$nm$-vehicle illegal lane-changing behavior (NILB) by considering the overtaking motivation and the traffic safety awareness. In the framework of Kerner’s three-phase theory, we propose a model for the mixed traffic flow by introducing a new set of rules. A series of simulations are carried out in order to reveal the formation, travel process and influence of the mixed traffic flow. The simulation results show that the proposed model can be used to study not only the travel characteristic of the mixed traffic flow, but also some complex traffic problems such as traffic breakdown, moving synchronized flow pattern (MSP) and moving jam. Moreover, the results illustrate that the proposed model reflects the phenomenon of the mixed flow and the influence of the MSP caused by the NILB, which is consistent with the actual traffic system, and thus this work is helpful for the management of the mixed traffic flow.