基于思维模型建构的高三化学复习教学*—— 以“平衡原理的应用”为例

以高三复习课“平衡原理的应用”为例,通过真实情境的剖析让学生感知模型,引导学生分析归纳提炼模型,并进行针对练习运用模型,变式训练体会模型,让学生在实践中以模型思维为突破,深入领悟建构模型的实质,有序解决复杂化学问题,提升科学思维能力,发展化学学科核心素养。     

基于创新能力培养的化学专业本科实验教学新体系的构建与实践

课程体系是人才培养的载体。为了更好地培养拔尖创新人才,南京大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心依据化学学科的特点和发展趋势,以科学内容的内在联系和研究规律为主线构建了“化学实验基础?化学合成与表征+化学原理与测量?化学功能分子实验+化学生物学综合实验+基于项目的研究实验”实验课程新体系,按照一流课程建设要求(高阶性、创新性和挑战度)对实验教学内容进行了优化,并建立起与之相适应的实验教学平台。新课程体系综合考虑了化学一级学科的整体性和关联学科的交叉性,在南京大学化学化工学院“拔尖计划”和“强基计划”学生中实施,教学效果显著。     

乙醇在Co(111)表面脱氢反应机理的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论和周期平板模型相结合的方法针对Co（111）表面上乙醇脱氢反应的反应机理进行了细致的研究,同时,对反应过程中涉及到的各个物种在表面上不同吸附位（顶位（top）,桥位（bridge）,三重空穴位（fcc和hcp））的吸附模型进行了结构优化以及相关能量的计算,确定了各物种的最佳吸附位点.研究结果表明,CH₃CH₂OH在Co（111）表面的脱氢反应可具体描述为三条反应路径：反应路径I为CH₃CH₂OH逐步脱氢经由中间体CH₃CHO,最终生成CH₄和CO的反应;反应路径Ⅱ为CH₃CH₂OH脱氢产生的CH₃CH₂O基和CH₃CHO相互作用通过CH₃COOH分子最终生成CH₄和CO₂的反应;反应路径Ⅲ为CH₃CH₂O基和CH₃CO基作用生成CH₃COOC₂H₅的过程,其中,反应路径I为最优路径（CH₃CH₂OH→CH₃CH₂O→CH₃CHO→CH₃CO→CH₃+CO→CH₂→CH→CH₄+CO+C+H）,该反应路径中的CH₃CH₂O基脱氢生成CH₃CHO为速控步骤,反应能垒为1.61 eV.     

On the nature of ion-stabilized cytosine pairs in DNA i-motifs: The importance of charge transfer processes

Recent experimental results indicate that the stability of non-Watson-Crick DNA i-motif structures can be influenced by the presence of various metal cations. Whereas Au⁺, Cu⁺, and Ag⁺ are stabilizing agents, alkali metal ions like Na⁺ or Li⁺ are known to destabilize the i-motif. In terms of reduced ion-cytosine complexes, we rationalize the experimental observations with the help of standard and conceptual density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results highlight the importance of coordinating electrostatic bonds with partially covalent character for the stability of the ion-cytosine complex. The occurrence of these bonds can be mainly attributed to charge transfer processes between two cytosines and the transition metal ions, which can be either explained by frontier molecular orbital theory in combination with a bond critical point analysis, or by the concept of chemical reactivity indices within a conceptual DFT approach. The results of our calculations establish a consistent theoretical framework to understand the experimentally observed behavior, and are also important in order to achieve more detailed insights into nucleobase pairing mechanisms in general.     

专业课"课程思政"策略的构建与实践——以基础化学原理课程为例

目前高等教育仅依靠思想政治理论课对大学生进行价值引领的局限性日趋凸显,亟需构建和实施全员育人的大思政教育体系——"课程思政"。尝试构建了专业课"课程思政"的策略。通过"培养学生的爱国主义精神、民族自豪感和自信心、对学生进行生态文明和生态安全教育、培养学生的专业品质、培养学生的专业能力"等途径,进行了基础化学原理"课程思政"实践,充分发挥了基础化学原理课程的"育德功能"。     

The de novo design of median molecules within a property range of interest

Summary In this paper an application is presented of the median molecule workflow to the de novo design of novel molecular entities with a property profile of interest. Median molecules are structures that are optimised to be similar to a set of existing molecules of interest as an approach for lead exploration and hopping. An overview of this workflow is provided together with an example of an instance using the similarity to camphor and menthol as objectives. The methodology of the experiments is defined and the workflow is applied to designing novel molecules for two physical property datasets: mean molecular polarisability and aqueous solubility. This paper concludes with a discussion of the characteristics of this method.     

Error in an approximate wave function and an error minimization scheme

An estimate of error in an approximate wave function for a stationary state is put forward that does not require any information about the exact state. The measure is sensitive and direct. Parameters embedded in a trial wave function can be varied to minimize this error as well, leading to a variational principle. Such a scheme works nicely for bound states and the more so for Siegert states, for which the standard energy minimization principle does not apply. Pilot calculations on the anharmonic oscillator system and the radial Stark effect in the hydrogen atom reveal the worth of the endeavor. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004     

键阻断原理构建中孔A型沸石

采用不同类型的有机硅烷化SiO2作为基本合成单元,制备了具有晶内中孔的A型沸石。考察了反应碱度、Si/Al比、晶化时间等合成条件对产品的影响。结果表明,苯胺基丙基三甲氧基硅烷是合成中孔A型沸石的最佳硅烷化试剂;硅烷化试剂的应用,使中孔沸石晶化过程可以通过"键阻断原理"有效控制;沸石的中孔尺寸可以通过不同类型的有机硅烷化试剂进行调控;一定范围内,其外比表面积、中孔体积随SiO2表面硅烷化度的增加而增加。通过沸石晶化过程中的"键阻断",可以制备具有晶内中孔的A型沸石。     

键阻断原理构建中孔A型沸石

采用不同类型的有机硅烷化SiO₂作为基本合成单元, 制备了具有晶内中孔的A型沸石。考察了反应碱度、Si/Al比、晶化时间等合成条件对产品的影响。结果表明, 甲氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷是合成中孔A型沸石的最佳硅烷化试剂;硅烷化试剂的应用, 使中孔沸石晶化过程可以通过“键阻断原理”有效控制;沸石的中孔尺寸可以通过不同类型的有机硅烷化试剂进行调控; 一定范围内, 其外比表面积、中孔体积随SiO₂表面硅烷化度的增加而增加。通过沸石晶化过程中的“键阻断”, 可以制备具有晶内中孔的A型沸石。