新型碱式丁二酸铜：[Cu4(H2O)2(OH)4(C4H4O4)2].3H2O的晶体结构

单晶Ｘ－射线衍射结构分析表明［Ｃｕ_４（Ｈ_２Ｏ）_２（ＯＨ）_４（Ｃ_４Ｈ_４Ｏ_４）_２］·３Ｈ_２Ｏ属三斜晶系,空间群为Ｐ１（ｎｏ． ２）．晶胞参数： ａ＝ ９．７３０（２） Ａ, ｈ＝ １０．６０５（２） Ａ, ｃ＝ １２．５８１（３） Ａ,ａ＝ １１１．４０（３）°,β＝１０５．９６（３）°, γ＝ ９６．２０（３）°, Ｖ＝ １１３０．２（４） Ａ°, Ｄｘ＝ １．９４１ ｇ／ｃｍ~３, Ｆ（０００）＝ ６６０,Ｍ_ｒ＝ ６６０．４３,ｕ（Ｍ_Ｑ Ｋ_ａ）＝ ３６．７９ ｃｍ~（－１）, Ｚ＝ ２ Ｔ＝ ２９８ Ｋ,根据３ ９３５个独立衍射点得到 Ｒ（Ｆ_ｏ）＝ ０．０６２和ｗＲ（Ｆ_ｏ~２）＝ ０． １５１（Ｆ_ｏ~２≥ ２σ（Ｆ_ｏ~２）．晶体中的基本结构单元为畸变八面体 ＣｕＯ_６和畸变四方锥体 ＣｕＯ_５紧邻ＣＵＯ_６八面体共享棱边形成平行于［１００］方向的一维多聚链,且紧邻八面体的三个顶点构成ＣｕＯ_５四方锥体的三角面、丁二酸根（Ｃ_４Ｈ_４Ｏ_４）~（２－）离子将多聚链连接成三维网络,而水分子位于隧道之内。ＣｕＯ_６八面体中的 Ｃｕ原子与 １个水分子氧、 ４个羟基氧和 １个羧基氧配位,其中 １个水分子和 １个羟基居轴向位置（底面 ｄ（ＣｕＯ）＝ １．９２７～     

生物可降解聚丁二酸/甲基丁二酸丁二酯系列共聚物的合成和表征

摘要合成了一系列聚丁二酸/甲基丁二酸丁二醇共聚酯(PBSM), 利用DSC, ¹H NMR和X射线衍射等方法对共聚物组成、 热学性能、 结晶性能、 等温结晶行为进行了研究. 结果表明, 引入甲基丁二酸共聚单元较为显著地改变了聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)的热学性能, 利用Hoffman\|Weeks方程得到的共聚物平衡熔点随共聚物的组分含量增加而降低, 玻璃化转变温度亦有所降低, 熔点则符合无规共聚物的Flory方程. 此外, 利用Avrami方程分别研究了均聚物PBS及共聚物PBSM-20的等温结晶行为, 结果表明, 在所研究的温度范围内, 聚酯结晶速率随温度升高而降低, PBS和PBSM\-20的Avrami指数分别介于2.8~3.0和2.7~3.0之间, 结晶方式为三维生长异相成核, 而X射线衍射测试结果表明晶体结构几乎不变.     

Thermal Degradation Behavior and Kinetic Analysis of Biodegradable Polymers Using Various Comparative Models, 1

Thermal degradation behavior of a biodegradable polymer (PBS) has been investigated by conventional and MTGA methods. The kinetic parameters of degradation were calculated by a general analytical solution and by the Coats‐Redfern, Ozawa, Horowitz‐Metzger, and MTGA methods. The results reveal that the reaction mechanism at lower temperature is probably the F1 model through the reaction of random chain cleavage via cis‐elimination. However, the reaction mechanism at higher temperature is likely to be D1 model because of the dominant diffusion control effect.

     

硫酸钛的催化活性

焙烧;环己酮缩酮;丁二酸二丁酯;硫酸钛的催化活性     

Kinetics of isothermal decomposition of γ-irradiated and unirradiated Co(II) succinato complex

A kinetic study of the dehydration and decomposition of -irradiated and unirradiated Na₂[Co(C₄H₄O₄)₂]·7H₂O has been studied using isothermal and dynamic thermogravimetric methods. The thermal dehydration occurs in one step regulated by a random nucleation model (A₃), while the decomposition of anhydrous salt is controlled by a phase boundary controlled model (R₃). The kinetic parameters obtained at three heating rates are in good agreement; however, the values of the kinetic parameters estimated isothermally are slightly different from those estimated dynamically. Irradiation enhanced both the dehydration and the decomposition reactions but did not modify their mechanisms. The activation energy decreases as the irradiation dose increases.

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Zusammenfassung Unter Anwendung von isothermen und dynamischen thermogravimetrischen Methoden wurde eine kinetische Untersuchung der Dehydratation und der Zersetzung von -bestrahltem und unbestrahltem Na₂[Co(C₄H₄O₄)₂]·7H₂O durchgeführt. Die thermische Dehydratation erfolgt in einem Schritt, bestimmt durch ein Random-Keimbildungsmodell (A₃), während die Zersetzung der wasserfreien Salze durch ein phasengrenzenkontrolliertes Modell bestimmt wird (R₃). Die bei drei Aufheizgeschwindigkeiten erhaltenen kinetischen Parameter stehen in guter Übereinstimmung; jedoch weichen die isotherm geschätzten kinetischen Parameter etwas von den dynamisch ermittelten ab. Bestrahlung mehrt sowohl die Dehydratations- als auch die Zersetzungsreaktionen, beläßt deren Mechanismus jedoch unverändert. Die Aktivierungsenergie sinkt mit zunehmender Strahlungsdosis.

     

Fabrication‐controlled morphology of poly(butylene succinate) nano‐microcellular foams by supercritical CO2

Poly(butylene succinate) urethane ionomer (PBSUIs) foams with nano‐microcellular morphology were fabricated using supercritical CO₂ (sc‐CO₂) at different parameters. Effect of urethane ionic group (UIG) content (ranged from 1% to 5%) on the rheology and crystallization of PBSUIs were evaluated by intrinsic, dynamic rheological, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The results show that the complex viscosity of PBSUIs vastly improved, while their intrinsic viscosity and crystallinity decreased. They also evidenced that CO₂ promoted the formation of crystallites in the amorphous and increased the X_c of PBSU and PBSUIs foams. Scanning electron microscope was employed to explore the influences of UIG content and foaming parameters on the morphologies of PBSUIs microcellular foams, and it revealed that UIG content was the dominated factor. The cell size and cell densities of PBSUIs microcellular foams were smaller than 5.0 micrometers and higher than 1.5 × 10¹⁰ cells/cm³, respectively, even foamed at diverse variations of foam temperature and pressure. Interestingly, PBSUIs with 3% and 5% UIG content achieved microcellular foams in nano‐cells, high‐stretched elliptical shape. The mechanism was ascribed that these PBSUIs with high melt viscosities could retard the CO₂ bubbles to merge during the foam process and induce the cells to stretch and orient in depressururization direction. This study proposed a novel method for fabricating PBS nano‐microcellular foams.     

Thermal stability and fire reaction of poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites using natural clays and FR additives

Thermal stability and fire retardancy of poly(1,4‐butanediol succinate) (PBS) nanocomposites with sepiolite and 2 halloysites was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. Despite detrimental influence on thermal stability, confirmed by the use of isoconversional methods, nanoclays improve PBS fire behavior, studied using pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry and cone calorimeter. Combinations of nanoclays with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum diethyl phosphinate at 20 wt% global loading were tested using cone calorimeter at 50 kW/m². It was noticed that the formation of protective structures of metallic phosphates with APP improves fire performance. The influence of ternary compositions combining sepiolite, APP, and lignin on fire performance was investigated. The composition having equimassic loading of each component leads to strong reductions in peak of heat release rate and Maximum of Average Heat Release Evolved (MAHRE) through the formation of a cohesive protective residue, containing new types of metallic phosphates and reinforced by sepiolite particles. This composition also allows smoke release rate to be minimized.     

IR laser ablative decomposition and depolymerisation/repolymerisation of poly(ethylene succinate)

Pulsed IR laser ablation of poly(ethylene succinate) results in the formation of volatile products (mainly carbon oxides, hydrogen, C₁-C₄ hydrocarbons) and affords deposition of polymeric films. Composition, structure and molecular weight distribution of the latter products were examined by EDX-SEM, FTIR, UV and NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography and revealed to be virtually identical to the initial poly(ethylene succinate). The deposited films and poly(ethylene succinate) decompose in the same way, as proved by TGA analysis. The formation of the volatile products is accounted for by random cleavages of the polymer backbone. The deposition of the polymeric products is judged to be due to molecular ester group interchange and/or a sequence of the C-C bond homolysis and recombination of the produced radicals.     

羟丙基甲基纤维素丁二酸酯(HPMCS)的制备与性能

以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为原料、丁二酸酐为酯化剂、无水醋酸钠为催化剂,在醋酸中通过酯化反应制备了羟丙基甲基纤维素丁二酸酯(HPMCS).通过改变反应温度、酯化剂和催化剂的用量,得到了5种具有不同丁二酰基含量的羟丙基甲基纤维素丁二酸酯.采用电导率滴定法测定了丁二酰基的含量.采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、粘度分析和流变分析对其进行了结构表征和性能测试.结果表明:平均每个大分子链上丁二酰基的含量(摩尔比)为6.57～12.42;质量分数为1%HPMCS溶液的凝胶温度从48.7℃降至41.95℃,而相同浓度的HPMC的凝胶温度为59.85℃;丁二酰基含量越多和分布越均匀,凝胶温度越低,但凝胶强度则越大.     

Efficient Acylation and One-Pot Synthesis of Dehydroandrographolide Succinate on a Large Scale Assisted with Microwave Radiation

A rapid and convenient method for acylation and large-scale synthesis of dehydroandrographolide succinate has been developed under microwave irradiation. It is a one-pot condensation and is compatible with dehydration and rearrangement of double bond in mild reaction conditions with good yield, high purity (up to 99.8%), time-savings, few pollutants and low cost. In addition, a number of acylation derivatives were synthesized under microwave irradiation.