皮肤组织容积脉搏波400~1000 nm光谱特性仿真研究

根据皮肤组织解剖结构特性建立了六层层状模型,并给出了皮肤组织各层的特性参数;考虑了氧合血红蛋白和还原血红蛋白的吸收特性,依据皮肤组织各层的水、血、脂肪、血氧饱和度含量以及血管大小给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱吸收系数;对不同波长散射系数做了适当简化,给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱散射系数。利用蒙特卡罗方法仿真血管组织在收缩与舒张两种状态下, 400~1 000 nm波长光在皮肤组织多层模型中的传输过程,并通过统计大量光子的分布特性,获得了皮肤组织光谱反射系数,并利用模拟所得的两种状态下的反射系数计算得到了光谱容积脉搏波幅度。仿真结果表明,当入射光强一定时,绿光的容积脉搏波幅度优于红光和蓝光。通过计算不同波长光沿皮肤组织深度方向光能流率衰减为1/e时对应的皮肤组织深度,获得了皮肤组织光谱穿透深度。结果显示,血管舒张状态下蓝光和绿光的穿透深度较小,蓝光大部分只能达到表皮层,绿光能到达微循环层,红光可直达真皮层。考虑到光在皮肤组织中传播包含了一个从收缩到舒张的动态过程,基于此,根据穿透深度定义了脉搏波信号产生深度,利用血管舒张与收缩两种不同状态下的穿透深度计算得到了光谱产生深度。结果表明,不同波长光产生深度大于其穿透深度,蓝光产生深度较浅,且其受到的血液吸收调制较小,因而其获得的脉搏信号易受噪声干扰;红光的容积脉搏波产生深度较大,但是相比于绿光其受血液吸收调制较小,且绿光产生深度足够达到真皮血管层,因而红光容积脉搏波的幅度小于绿光。上述仿真结果明确了皮肤组织部分光谱特性,为皮肤组织多光谱容积脉搏波的精确获取及其他相关研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

应用超高分辨质谱成像技术研究脂类分子在小鼠肝组织中的分布

利用基质辅助激光解吸电离-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪对磷脂类分子在小鼠肝组织中的分布进行了研究,建立了质谱成像技术检测小鼠肝组织中磷脂类分子分布的分析方法.以7 g/Lα腈基-4-羟基肉桂酸的50%甲醇溶液(含0.2%三氟乙酸)作为基质,采用正离子采集模式,准确鉴定了5类13种磷脂类分子,其分子量主要分布在700～9...     

促红细胞生成素B螺旋表面肽的代谢稳定性结构修饰：设计、合成及其提高的肾保护作用

肾脏缺血缺氧以及再灌注过程都将导致肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,使肾功能严重受损.肾脏的缺血再灌注损伤是移植肾功能延迟恢复的主要原因并能诱导急慢性排斥,影响肾存活率.近年来发现,衍生于促红细胞生成素（EPO）的B螺旋亚基亲水表面序列的肽链（HBSP）,对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤具有显著的保护作用,但其在体内极短的半衰期（约2min）极大地限制了它的临床应用.因此,本研究采用构象约束、全D-构型氨基酸替换和N-端封闭策略,设计了3种类型的EPOB螺旋表面肽衍生物,旨在提高其代谢稳定性环肽的设计采用了对氧化还原稳定的硫醚键和相对刚性的亚砜键两种环合方式.在多肽的合成上,采用微波辅助多肽自动合成和手工合成两种模式有机结合;优化了硫醚环合工艺,应用微波加热进行硫醚环肽的合成,大大提高了产率和效率;利用圆二色（CD）谱确定了亚砜环肽的相对构型.活性实验表明,相对于线性母肽HBSP,本文设计合成的代谢稳定衍生肽对大/小鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤均有显著提高的保护作用,且硫醚和R-构型亚砜环肽的肾脏保护活性强于S-构型亚砜环肽.而且,环化确实提高了功能肽的血浆稳定性.因此,本文合成的硫醚环肽一周一次注射剂量等效于线性肽HBSP一日三次剂量对小鼠肾损伤的保护作用.     

循环加载作用下皮肤应力软化的连续介质模型

皮肤组织作为富含纤维的非均匀材料,具有复杂的力学特性．皮肤组织在循环加载作用下,随着循环次数的增加,加载过程的应力响应逐渐降低,并最终达到不随循环次数增加而改变的稳定状态,这种现象被称为应力软化行为．本文对加载过程中纤维的延展机制对宏观力学响应的影响进行研究,认为在外界载荷较小时该机制主导了宏观层次上的应力软化行为,随着外界载荷的增大,拉伸过程中微观结构损伤的演化开始产生影响,而且此时内部微观结构的演化由两种机制共同影响,据此建立了连续介质模型,将宏观尺度上应力软化行为和微观结构的演化相关联．将所获得的应力响应理论结果与猪离体头部皮肤在循环加载作用下的实验结果进行对比分析,证明了该模型能够合理地描述皮肤组织在循环加载作用下的应力软化行为．     

Synthesis and Characterization of an α-Fe2O3-Decorated g-C3N4 Heterostructure for the Photocatalytic Removal of MO

This study describes the preparation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), and their g-C₃N₄/α-Fe₂O₃ heterostructure for the photocatalytic removal of methyl orange (MO) under visible light illumination. The facile hydrothermal approach was utilized for the preparation of the nanomaterials. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) were carried out to study the physiochemical and optoelectronic properties of all the synthesized photocatalysts. Based on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance (DRS) results, an energy level diagram vs. SHE was established. The acquired results indicated that the nanocomposite exhibited a type-II heterojunction and degraded the MO dye by 97%. The degradation ability of the nanocomposite was higher than that of pristine g-C₃N₄ (41%) and α-Fe₂O₃ (30%) photocatalysts under 300 min of light irradiation. The formation of a type-II heterostructure with desirable band alignment and band edge positions for efficient interfacial charge carrier separation along with a larger specific surface area was collectively responsible for the higher photocatalytic efficiency of the g-C₃N₄/α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite. The mechanism of the nanocomposite was also studied through results obtained from UV-vis and XPS analyses. A reactive species trapping experiment confirmed the involvement of the superoxide radical anion (O₂^•−) as the key reactive oxygen species for MO removal. The degradation kinetics were also monitored, and the reaction was observed to be pseudo-first order. Moreover, the sustainability of the photocatalyst was also investigated.     

C_2^+ (X^4 Σ_g^-,1^4 Σ_u^+)离子体系解析势能函数、光谱常数和振动能级研究

采用多参考组态相互作用(MRCI)方法,结合aug-cc-pV6Z(AV6Z)基组,计算了C₂⁺(X⁴Σ_g^-,1⁴Σ_u⁺)的势能曲线,计算过程中考虑了Davidson修正和相对论效应,并将结果外推至完备基组(CBS)的极限.基于得到的单点能量,用最小二乘法方法进行了Murrell-Sorbie函数拟合,得到了势能函数解析式(APEF).基于APEF,计算了C₂⁺(X⁴Σ_g^-,1⁴Σ_u⁺)离子体系的离解能D_e,平衡核间距R_e,光谱常数ω_e,ω_eχ_e,B_e,α_e,结果与实验和其他理论计算值符合...     

聚乳酸组织工程支架结构的精密调控

采用糖球模板法结合热致相分离技术,制备了孔径尺寸、内连通度及孔隙率高度可控的左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)支架材料,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)以及示差扫描量热法(DSC)对其空间结构及性能进行了系统研究.支架材料孔径从50μm到800μm及内连通孔径从10μm到200μm连续可调,微观孔壁结构根据不同溶剂可形成各异的微纳米结构.支架的制备对PLLA化学结构无显著影响,但相分离过程会不同程度地降低PLLA的结晶度.     

Application of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to the pharmacokinetics,tissue distribution and excretion in the study of anemoside B4, a novel antiviral agent candidate,in rats

A simple, sensitive and reliable LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of anemoside B4, a potential antiviral constituent isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis in rat plasma, tissue, bile, urine and feces. All biological samples were prepared by protein precipitation method, and ginsenoside‐Rg1 was chosen as the internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were separated using a C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) and a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water (v /v) and acetonitrile running at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min for 5 min. The multiple reaction monitoring transitions were monitored at m /z 1219.5–749.5 for anemoside B4 and 845.4–637.4 for ginsenoside‐Rg1 in electrospray ionization negative mode. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 10–2000 ng/mL for all biological matrices with a lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion study. These preclinical data will be beneficial for further development of anemoside B4 in future studies.