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81.
We present a numerical model for predicting the instability and breakup of viscous microjets of Newtonian fluid. We adopt a one‐dimensional slender‐jet approximation and obtain the equations of motion in the form of a pair of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). We solve these equations using the method of lines, wherein the PDEs are transformed to a system of ordinary differential equations for the nodal values of the jet variables on a uniform staggered grid. We use the model to predict the instability and satellite formation in infinite microthreads of fluid and continuous microjets that emanate from an orifice. For the microthread analysis, we take into account arbitrary initial perturbations of the free‐surface and jet velocity, as well as Marangoni instability that is due to an arbitrary variation in the surface tension. For the continuous nozzle‐driven jet analysis, we take into account arbitrary time‐dependent perturbations of the free‐surface, velocity and/or surface tension as boundary conditions at the nozzle orifice. We validate the model using established computational data, as well as axisymmetric, volume of fluid (VOF) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. The key advantages of the model are its ease of implementation and speed of computation, which is several orders of magnitude faster than the VOF CFD simulations. The model enables rapid parametric analysis of jet breakup and satellite formation as a function of jet dimensions, modulation parameters, and fluid rheology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
A comparative analysis is made of the infinite-fiber and finite-fiber models in the three-dimensional theory of stability
of composites. The results analyzed have been obtained using the three-dimensional linearized theory of stability of deformable
bodies. A historical sketch is given of the theory of stability for and approaches used in the mechanics of laminated and
fibrous composite materials
Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 3–31, August 2008. 相似文献
83.
By using the finite-part integral concepts and limit technique, the hypersingular integrodifferential equations of three-dimensional
(3D) planar interface crack were obtained; then the dominant-part analysis of 2D hypersingular integral was further used to
investigate the stress fields near the crack front theoretically, and the accurate formulae were obtained for the singular
stress fields and the complex stress intensity factors. After that, a numerical method is proposed to solve the hypersingular
integrodifferential equations of 3D planar interface crack, and the problem of elliptical planar crack is then considered
to show the application of the method. The numerical results obtained are satisfactory.
Project supported by the Foundation of Solid Mechanics Open Research Laboratory of State Education Commission at Tongji University
and the National Natural Science Foundation. 相似文献
84.
85.
《Macromolecular rapid communications》2017,38(16)
Herein, the development and characterization of a 3D gradient structure of gold nanoparticles is described. The gradient of gold nanoparticles is made in situ in a macroporous nonionic block copolymer hydrogel matrix, through gold ion diffusion control. The polymer provides a matrix for diffusion of gold ions, acts as a template for controlling nanoparticle growth, and facilitates the in situ reduction of gold ions to gold nanoparticles. A clear gradient in gold nanoparticles is observed across the 3D space of the polymer matrix using scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The particle gradient is further functionalized with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups via thiol‐gold linkage to demonstrate the ability to form gradients with different chemical functionalities. Using additive manufacturing, the polymer can also be printed as a porous network with possible applications for 3D cell culturing in, e.g., biomaterials research. 相似文献
86.
超奇异积分方程方法的理论分析已在本文的第I部分中给出,这一部分是经的数值方法,及用此方法求解的若干典型的平片裂纹问题。 相似文献
87.
本文以量级分析为基础,建立了一般曲线坐标系上的三维旋转边界层方程。对旋转在边界层中的影响进行分析之后,提出了一个能够处理壁面法向压力梯度不为零问题的压力梯度迭代方法。在传统的Box法的基础上发展了一套完整的求解三维旋转边界层的方法和程序,并对螺旋面、压气机转子叶面以及圆柱面上的旋转边界层进行了计算,与他人的计算和实验的对比分析表明,该方法和程序是正确的,可用于求解任意几何物面上的三维旋转边界层。 相似文献
88.
89.
Huaping Xu Dr. Jurriaan Huskens Prof. Dr. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(8):2342-2348
Microcontact printing is a heavily used surface modification method in materials and life science applications. This concept article focuses on the development of versatile stamps for microcontact printing that can be used to bind and release inks through molecular recognition or through an ink reservoir, the latter being used for the transfer of heavy inks, such as biomolecules and particles. Conceptually, such stamp properties can be introduced at the stamp surface or by changing the bulk stamp material; both lines of research will be reviewed here. Examples include supramolecular stamps with affinity properties, polymer‐layer‐grafted PDMS stamps, and porous multilayer‐grafted PDMS stamps for the first case, and hydrogel stamps and porous stamps made by phase‐separation micromolding for the second. Potential directions for future advancement of this field are also discussed. 相似文献
90.
Jong Seob Choi 《European Polymer Journal》2010,46(3):389-15196
Highly conductive and transparent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films can be prepared effectively via vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) with the addition of imidazole (Im) based derivatives. The addition of Im that has one and/or two alkyl substituents significantly improved the electrical conductivity of PEDOT thin films. In an effort to develop a facile PEDOT micro-patterning method, we investigated ink-jet printing and soft lithography. The procedure of oxidant patterning with a weak base followed by VPP of a 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer provides an effective and simple method for micro-patterning of an intrinsic conductive polymer (ICP). 相似文献