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171.
We describe the problem of the equivalence of ensembles at the level of states for classical lattice systems. We discuss circumstances where the vanishing of the specific information gain of a sequence of microcanonical measures with respect to a sequence of grand canonical measures implies the equivalence of ensembles. We give a simple derivation of a criterion for the vanishing of the specific information gain in terms of thermodynamic functions. The proof uses ideas from the theory of large deviations but is self-contained. We show how the criterion works in a simple model of a paramagnet and in the Ising model of a ferromagnet in any dimension but fails in the case of the Curie-Weiss mean-field model.  相似文献   
172.

Beryllium coating of the iron foil is made by means of magnetron sputtering. Mössbauer studies are performed by means of two registration techniques: conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) and the γ-ray technique in absorption geometry. Performed investigations confirm the original thermodynamic approach to creation of thermally stable multi-layer materials.

  相似文献   
173.
Contributions to the Properties of Titanates with Ilmenite Structure. II. Study on the Thermodynamics and the Electrical Conductivity of NiTiO3 and Other Phases with Ilmenite Structure NiTiO3 shows a phase transition at high temperatures (Tc = 1290°C). The standard enthalpy and entrop of the reaction NiO + TiO2 = NiTiO3 was estimated for temperatures above and below the transition temperature using emf-measurements based on the following solid state galvanic cell: Ni,TiO2, NiTiO3|ZrO2(+CaO)|Ni,NiO. The transition enthalpy was found to be 18 ± 2 kJmol?1, The transition entropy is 12 ± 1 JK?1mol?1. This is in good agreement with the calculated entropy change for an order-disorder transition (11.5 JK?1mol?1). The influence of other cations like Mg2+ and Co2+ on the transition temperature was investigated by measurements of the electrical conductivity as a function of composition. Ni1?xMgxTiO3 shows a strong shift of the transition to higher temperatures if a small part of the Ni2+ was replaced by Mg2+. A linear correlation between the temperature shift and the amount of Co2+ was found for Ni1?xCoxTiO3. Thermoanalytical investigations reveal an endothermic peak during the heating period some degrees below the melting point of CoTiO3. The substitution of Ge4+ for Ti4+ is without any influence on the transition temperature. By doping the NiTiO3 with Ga2O3, the anomalous increase of the electrical conductivity with temperature is shifted to lower temperatures.  相似文献   
174.
用气液色谱法,在不同的温度下,测定了以α-甲基萘作为固定液时,路易斯碱脂肪胺和醇的溶解平衡常数K_R~0,以及它们与作为路易斯酸的过渡金属配合物双-(4,6-二异丙基水杨酸)合铜(Ⅱ)相互作用的表观分配常数K_R和加合反应的平衡常数K_1。再根据热力学公式: 进一步求出了加合反应的焓变ΔH和熵变ΔS。  相似文献   
175.
We analyze the thermodynamics of the Overhauser model and demonstrate rigorously the existence of a phase transition. This is achieved by extending techniques previously developed to treat the BCS model in the quasi-spin formulation. Additionally, we compare the thermodynamics of the quasi-spin and full-trace BCS models. The results are identical up to a temperature rescaling.  相似文献   
176.
Complexation reactions of bivalent metal ions and ethyl-2,3-dioxobutyrate-2p-bromophenylhydrazone (EDOB-2p-BPH) have been studied potentiometrically in 50% (v/v) ethanol/water medium at different ionic strengths with respect to NaClO4 and at different temperatures and their stability constants determined. The method of Bjerrum and Calvin as modified by Irving and Rossotti has been used to determine then andpL values. Smin values which have the same significance as ‘T2’ have also been calculated. The thermodynamic stability constants and standard free energy change (ΔG) have also been calculated. ΔG values are negative in all cases indicating that the reactions are spontaneous. The ligand field stabilization energy (δH) has also been calculated for the 3d transition metals.  相似文献   
177.
The EMF concentration cell method was applied to determine excess partial molar thermodynamic functions for some sections of the systems Tl?Ag?Te and Tl?Sb?Te. The presence of binary and ternary associates is assumed in Tl?Ag?Te solutions.  相似文献   
178.
The Hertel-Thirring cell model for unstable systems (of purely attractive particles) is solved in the canonical ensemble for arbitrary dimensions. The differences between the phase transitions found in the canonical and in the microcanonical ensemble are discussed. The cluster phase (with a complete collapse in the ground state) exhibits the nonextensive character of the cell model. The results of the cell model are compared with molecular-dynamics simulations of a one-dimensional model with a rectangular-well pair potential. The simulations support the relevance of the cell model to characterize basic properties of gravitational systems.  相似文献   
179.
用分子结构固有频率和分子中的甲基数作为分子结构信息指数,建立链烷烃分子结构与热力学性质的双参数QSPR模型.该模型用于18种链烷烃分子的标准生成焓、标准熵和标准生成自由能实验值的回归分析,得到相关程度大于0.999的标准生成焓、标准熵回归方程和相关程度大于0.99的标准生成自由能回归方程.所得方程用于67种链烷烃的标准生成焓、标准熵和标准生成自由能预测,结果与实验值的相关程度均大于0.9950.  相似文献   
180.
本文针对现代换热设备设计、两相流动与传热研究的需要,介绍了可供科研使用的水和水蒸汽物性计算方法,完善了计算程序。根据超临界锅炉设计中的超临界水的物性计算,两相流研究和换热设备动态特性研究中对物性导数计算的需要,提供了两个算例,并进行了定性分析。  相似文献   
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