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391.
用聚电解质渗透汽化膜进行乙醇脱水 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
渗透汽化 (PV)膜过程由于可用于有机 /有机及有机 /水的恒沸或近沸混合物的分离而成为近年来膜技术研究开发的热点[1,2 ] .德国 GFT公司所制的富马酸交联 PVA脱水膜[3] 对温度为 80℃的 80 %Et OH料液 ,其分离因子为 350 ,渗透通量为 2 0 0 g/ (m2 ·h) .优秀的分离膜要求渗透通量大 ,同时具有较高的分离因子和良好的稳定性 .因此 ,提高膜的分离性能是渗透汽化技术开发应用的关键 .周继青等 [4 ]研究了 PVA/ PVP互穿网络膜的渗透汽化性能 ,发现膜的渗透通量虽有明显提高 ,但膜的选择性下降 .聚电解质具有优良的亲水性 ,可制得高水通… 相似文献
392.
《Mendeleev Communications》2022,32(6):769-770
3-Aryl-5-methylidenethiohydantoins and 3-aryl-5-methylidene-selenohydantoins were obtained by one-pot reaction of aryl isothiocyanates or isoselenocyanates with l-serine in NaOH–H2O–Py mixture followed by room temperature HCl-promoted dehydration. 相似文献
393.
394.
采用热重法(TG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了硝酸舍他康唑(STCZ)在氮气氛和空气氛中的热分解过程,结果表明STCZ的热分解过程是一个三阶段过程。运用量子化学GAMESS软件计算了STCZ分子的键级,测定了STCZ及其在热分解过程中不同阶段残留物的红外光谱,推断了STCZ的热分解机理,起始步骤是硝酸的分解。根据不同升温速率下的热重曲线计算得到STCZ第一阶段热分解反应的动力学参数,在氮气中,表观活化能Ea=222.2 kJ.mol-1,指前因子A=4.467×1024min-1,在空气中,表观活化能Ea=177.2 kJ.mol-1,指前因子A=1.738×1019min-1。推算了不同使用温度下STCZ的预期寿命。 相似文献
395.
Supported hydroxy sodalite (H-SOD) membranes were prepared on α-alumina disks using direct hydrothermal synthesis at 413 K for 3.5 h. The continuity of the membranes was verified using single gas permeation of He and N2 at ambient conditions. The membranes were impermeable to N2 and He, which validated absence of defects in the membrane structure. The membranes were used in dewatering several organic alcohol/water mixtures (organic alcohol being: methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, and 2-pentanol). The influence of feed temperature (303–473 K), feed concentration (0–100 mol% alcohol in the feed), and absolute feed pressure (1.6–2.4 MPa) on the water flux were analyzed. The absolute feed pressure had no effect on the water permeance. The membrane exhibited a water/alcohol separation factor larger than 106 and showed excellent thermal, mechanical, and operation stability in continuously dehydrating a water/ethanol mixture (72 mol% water) by pervaporation at 473 K and 2.2 MPa for 125 h. The normalized water flux correlated well with the water feed concentration for the primary alcohols. Below 40 mol% water in mixtures with secondary alcohols the water flux was three orders of magnitude lower. The water mobility through the membrane had an activation energy of ∼15 kJ/mol. 相似文献
396.
An in situ dehydration kinetics study of gypsum under water-saturated condition was performed in the temperature and pressure ranges of 383–423?K and 343–1085?MPa by using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell and Raman spectroscopy. Kinetic analysis shows that the dehydration rate k increases with pressure, suggesting a negative pressure dependence on dehydration rate. The elevation of temperature can contribute to the dehydration. The n values increase with pressure, indicating that the nucleation process becomes slower relative to the growth process. According to the n values of ~1.0, the dehydration of gypsum is dominated by an instantaneous nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth mechanism. The obtained average activation volume ?V is equal to 5.69?cm3/mol and the calculated activation energy Ea and the pre-exponential factor A are 66.9?kJ/mol and 4.66?×?105?s?1. The activation energy may be dependent upon grain size, shape, temperature and pressure, and surrounding water. 相似文献
397.
《Journal of Coordination Chemistry》2012,65(21):3493-3500
A three-dimensional complex, [CuL2(H2O)]2 (HL?=?3-hydroxy-1-adamantanecarboxylic acid), C44H64Cu2O14, was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from CuCO3?·?Cu(OH)2 and HL. The crystal structure of the complex was determined by X-ray crystallography and its thermal behavior and IR spectra examined. The non-isothermal dehydration kinetics of the complex were investigated using the Achar differential method. 相似文献
398.
《化学:亚洲杂志》2017,12(24):3178-3186
Carbon‐based solid acid catalysts were successfully obtained via one‐step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of water hyacinth (WH) in the presence of p ‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). Increasing the HTC temperature from 180 to 240 °C resulted in carbonaceous materials with increased sulfur content and less adsorbed water. The material obtained at 220 °C (WH‐PTSA‐220) contains the highest amount of acid sites and promotes the highest initial rate of two transformations, that is, methanolysis of oleic acid and dehydration of xylose to furfural. While all PSTA‐treated WH catalysts gave comparable fatty acid conversions (≈97 %) and furfural yields (≈60 %) after prolonged reaction times, the WH‐PTSA‐240 system bearing a relatively low acid density maintains the most favorable reusability profile. Higher HTC temperatures (220–240 °C) improved the catalyst reusability profiles due to graphitization and hydrophobicity of the carbon surface. The catalyst systems derived herein from biomass may have potential applications in biorefining platforms, utilizing the conversion of waste biomass to chemicals. 相似文献
399.
An operationally simple, efficient, and environmentally benign preparation of nitriles in good to excellent yields from various aldoximes in the presence of recyclable poly(ethylene glycol)–bound sulfonyl chloride is described. 相似文献
400.
Alcohol Dimer is Requisite to Form an Alkyl Oxonium Ion in the Proton Transfer of a Strong (Photo)Acid to Alcohol
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Dr. Sun‐Young Park Young Min Lee Dr. Kijeong Kwac Prof. Dr. Yousung Jung Prof. Dr. Oh‐Hoon Kwon 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(13):4340-4344
Alcohols, the simplest amphiprotic organic compounds, can exhibit either acidic or basic behavior by donating or accepting a proton. In this study, proton dissociation of a model photoacid in solution is explored by using time‐resolved spectroscopy, revealing quantitatively for the first time that alcohol acts as a Brønsted base because of H‐bonded cluster formation to enhance the reactivity. The protonated alcohol cluster, the alkyl oxonium ion, can be regarded as a key reaction intermediate in the well‐established alcohol dehydration reaction. This finding signifies, as in water, the cooperativity of protic solvent molecules to facilitate nonaqueous acid–base reactions. 相似文献