高压环境下1.58μm波段CO2吸收光谱特性分析

高压气体吸收光谱特性的研究是可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术应用于爆轰发动机等高压燃烧环境的重要基础.为了解气体吸收光谱随压力的变化规律特别是在高压下的吸收光谱特性,本文以CO₂为气体介质对其在高压环境下近红外波段1.58μm处的吸收光谱进行了理论分析与试验研究,并给出一种高压气体浓度的计算方法.在1—10.13×10⁵Pa压力环境下,对1.58μm处CO₂吸收光谱进行了数值模拟,搭建了高压环境气体在线测量试验系统,对CO₂在波段1578.1—1579.7 nm的吸收光谱进行了试验测量.利用线性回归拟合将试验所得光谱吸收率与模拟吸收率进行对比,对高压环境下气体浓度进行了计算.结果表明,试验所得吸收光谱与数值模拟结果相吻合,1—10.13×10⁵Pa压力环境下利用线性拟合寻优法计算气体浓度最大误差为5.5%,平均误差2.6%.     

择优取向MgO在Si衬底上的直流溅射制备及其性能表征

采用直流磁控溅射并通过优化工艺参数,在（100）Si衬底上成功制备了高度（100）择优的MgO薄膜和MgO/TiN双层膜结构.对 （100）MgO择优取向温度影响机理做了详细讨论,并利用XRD,AFM,FESEM等手段研究了在（100）Si和（100）TiN/Si两种衬底上,不同工艺条件下MgO薄膜的表面和断面微观结构,表征了MgO薄膜的柱状生长结构和与TiN薄膜的良好外延关系.在对薄膜光学特性的研究中,利用Sellmeier模型获得了Si上MgO薄膜在可见光波段的折射率参数（550 nm处折射率为1.6 关键词： MgO薄膜 择优取向 直流溅射 折射率拟合     

存在通道幅相与互耦两种误差的均匀圆环阵流形曲线拟合方法

针对实际装配后均匀圆环阵的阵列流形向量偏离理论值的问题,提出一种利用单声源从不同方位入射阵列时的阵列幅度相位响应拟合阵列流形模型的算法。考虑阵列存在通道幅度相位一致性偏差和阵元间互耦作用,导出阵列幅度相位响应与流形误差参数的关系式,利用互耦矩阵在模态域可与阵列流形分离的特性,将关于误差参数的关系式降次为线性方程组,再联合多个方位对误差参数做最小二乘估计。对于只存在其中一种误差的特例情况,给出了对应高精度、低复杂度的估计方法。最后,利用数值仿真对所提方法的拟合精度进行评估,拟合后的阵列流形误差距离缩减至10^-2量级,水池实验数据也验证了算法在实际应用中的可行性。     

基于几何差异的目标识别算法

为降低目标识别算法复杂性且提高其抗噪能力,提出一种基于几何特征差异的目标识别算法。将获取到的目标图片经图像处理后提取轮廓,并以最小周长多边形算法构造目标轮廓的近似多边形;然后根据模板库标准目标做放大或缩小处理后使其面积与模板面积相等;再使用摆放算法使其与模板库图形部分重合;并提出一种改进型双向链表算法求多边形相交部分,通过计算相交部分面积大小达到识别图像的目的。经过仿真实验验证了此方法简单易行,能够快速识别目标。     

Reference spectra of important adsorbed organic and inorganic phosphate binding forms for soil P speciation using synchrotron‐based K‐edge XANES spectroscopy

Direct speciation of soil phosphorus (P) by linear combination fitting (LCF) of P K‐edge XANES spectra requires a standard set of spectra representing all major P species supposed to be present in the investigated soil. Here, available spectra of free‐ and cation‐bound inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP), representing organic P, and of Fe, Al and Ca phosphate minerals are supplemented with spectra of adsorbed P binding forms. First, various soil constituents assumed to be potentially relevant for P sorption were compared with respect to their retention efficiency for orthophosphate and IHP at P levels typical for soils. Then, P K‐edge XANES spectra for orthophosphate and IHP retained by the most relevant constituents were acquired. The spectra were compared with each other as well as with spectra of Ca, Al or Fe orthophosphate and IHP precipitates. Orthophosphate and IHP were retained particularly efficiently by ferrihydrite, boehmite, Al‐saturated montmorillonite and Al‐saturated soil organic matter (SOM), but far less efficiently by hematite, Ca‐saturated montmorillonite and Ca‐saturated SOM. P retention by dolomite was negligible. Calcite retained a large portion of the applied IHP, but no orthophosphate. The respective P K‐edge XANES spectra of orthophosphate and IHP adsorbed to ferrihydrite, boehmite, Al‐saturated montmorillonite and Al‐saturated SOM differ from each other. They also are different from the spectra of amorphous FePO₄, amorphous or crystalline AlPO₄, Ca phosphates and free IHP. Inclusion of reference spectra of orthophosphate as well as IHP adsorbed to P‐retaining soil minerals in addition to spectra of free or cation‐bound IHP, AlPO₄, FePO₄ and Ca phosphate minerals in linear combination fitting exercises results in improved fit quality and a more realistic soil P speciation. A standard set of P K‐edge XANES spectra of the most relevant adsorbed P binding forms in soils is presented.     

Multipeak fitting analysis of Raman spectra on DLCH film

The hydrogenated diamond‐like carbon (DLCH) film with 1‐µm thickness is deposited by direct hydrocarbon gas ion beam method on silicon wafer and annealed at 400 °C. Detailed Raman spectra feature are fitted from nine sets of different peak fitting functions, including Gaussian, Lorentzian and Breit‐Wigner‐Fano (BWF) functions. These fitting results obtained from a two‐peak combination show some specific variances on the G peak position, FWHM_G and I_D/I_G ratio for as‐deposited and as‐annealed DLCH films. The most popular two‐peak fitting method with full Gaussian function tends to exhibit a higher ratio of the G peak position shift and higher I_D/I_G ratio than others fitting methods, the drastic difference among the most popular G (G) & G (D) and B (G) & L (D) schemes also have brought out in I_D/I_G ratio. However, for a more complex four‐peak Gaussian function fitting Raman spectra, the I_D/I_G ratio is close to that of a two‐peak fitting function with a mixture functions of BWF (G) and L (D). Furthermore, a series of systematic peak fitting procedures and comparisons of Raman spectra have been discussed in this study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

法布里-珀罗气辉干涉成像仪的大气温度测量原理

讨论了法布里-珀罗干涉成像仪（FPI）对夜气辉的系统响应,更为明确地描述了建立该干涉系统数学模型的方法和结果。在此基础上阐述了利用FPI对热层大气温度进行测量的原理,并且通过分析稳频He-Ne激光器的干涉图对系统的传输函数进行了求解,对不同波长下系统传输函数的转换进行了讨论。干涉图的分析结果表明：该解析模型以及波长转换方法能够很好地表示干涉成像系统。另外对系统传输函数在实际气辉测量中的应用、系统的温度漂移以及误差估计也进行了简要讨论。     

Simple and robust digital holography for high-resolution imaging

Based on the point spread function of holographic system,the lateral resolution of digital holographic imaging system without any pre-magnification is studied.The expression of resolution limitation of holographic imaging system is thus presented.We investigate the possibilities to improve the lateral resolution.The simple experimental setup with an off-axis arrangement is built.By using a U.S.Air Force(USAF)test target as microscopic object,the recorded holograms are reconstructed digitally based on the principle of Fresnel diffraction.The lateral resolution of 2.76 μm without any pre-magnification is demonstrated experimentally,which matches the theoretical prediction well.     

Theoretical investigation of a backward wave oscillator

From the linear Vlasov equation,the theoretical investigation on relativistic backward wave osciUator is performed.The relationship between the microwave power and the guiding magnetic field,which accords with the results of the particle simulation and experiments,is deduced.     

Determination of thermal wave reflection coefficient to better estimate defect depth using pulsed thermography

Thermography is a promising method for detecting subsurface defects, but accurate measurement of defect depth is still a big challenge because thermographic signals are typically corrupted by imaging noise and affected by 3D heat conduction. Existing methods based on numerical models are susceptible to signal noise and methods based on analytical models require rigorous assumptions that usually cannot be satisfied in practical applications. This paper presents a new method to improve the measurement accuracy of subsurface defect depth through determining the thermal wave reflection coefficient directly from observed data that is usually assumed to be pre-known. This target is achieved through introducing a new heat transfer model that includes multiple physical parameters to better describe the observed thermal behaviour in pulsed thermographic inspection. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method against four selected state-of-the-art methods. Results show that the accuracy of depth measurement has been improved up to 10% when noise level is high and thermal wave reflection coefficients is low. The feasibility of the proposed method in real data is also validated through a case study on characterising flat-bottom holes in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates which has a wide application in various sectors of industry.