高中生物理问题解决中错误类型及成因的实证研究

分析学生物理问题解决过程中的错误类型及成因有助于改进物理问题解决教学、提高学生物理问题解决能力.学生在解决物理问题时主要的错误类型可分为理解性错误、思维性错误和数学性错误3类,运用自制《学生物理错题错因反思单》展开的实证研究表明,学生的主要错因依次为"不理解概念、规律""运算错误""不理解题意""缺乏解题方法"等,且不同分数段的学生错因分布特点不同.因此,教学中要及时了解学情,科学进行学法指导;重视过程,扎实搞好物理概念、规律教学;深度研讨,切实进行审题方法训练;数理结合,灵活培养数理逻辑思维能力.     

存“同”求“异”——以初中物理“质量”同课异构教研为例

同课异构作为一种教研活动形式,是教师思想和经验的交流平台:对于执教者取长补短,对于听课者对比内化,物物交换最终得到的只是其中一个物体,但是思想与思想的交换最终却可以碰撞出更多的想法.一场精心准备且"蓄谋已久"的同课异构的教研活动一定对教师的专业提升有显著的效果.文章以西南大学附属中学教育集团联合进行的一次关于"质量"的初中物理同课异构教研活动为例,阐述同课异构研课中忌讳的是"同",追求的是"异",这个"异"是授课教师教学设计能力的集中体现和展示.     

新工科背景下建筑类高校大学物理教学改革探究

大学物理是高等院校理工类各专业大学生的一门重要的公共基础必修课.本文结合新工科背景和时代特点,以天津城建大学大学物理教学为例,介绍了其所进行的一系列探索性教学创新改革,并对创新效果和存在的“痛点”问题进行了分析总结,探索了培养具有扎实物理功底的建筑类人才的有效途径.     

＂多模块立体式＂实践教学体系的探索与改革

“多模块立体式”实践教学体系的改革关系到人才培养的质量,对我国建设创新型国家起到重要的作用。本文从“多模块立体式”实践教学体系的背景出发,分析了地方高等学校实践教学体系的现状,探讨了“多模块立体式”实践教学体系的构建及实施。指出了地方高校部分传统实验教学体系已经不能适应创新型实践人才培养的需要,应该更新观念,改革实验教学体系和实验教学内容,创建开放型的实验中心,大力推动设计性、研究性实验的建设。     

比对教学法解析与高分子相关的几组易混淆有机物

采用比对教学法,针对与高分子相关的互有联系而又有差异的几组有趣而又易混淆有机物(氨/铵/胺;酰胺/酰亚胺;氰/腈;酯/脂;蜡/石蜡/石蜡油),分别进行分析、区别、鉴赏、归纳,以促进初学者对其辨析异同、把握特征、掌握知识。     

Combination of colored patterns and cubes for crystallographic point group visualization

A concept based on the application of a cube as a general polyhedron is presented for the visualization of point group symmetry. The cube is used to represent both the highest and lowest crystal symmetries, with differences observable as patterns characteristic to each point group. Patterns are generated using direction‐specific color keys, which enable the recognition of point group‐specific distribution of vectors in an external reference frame. For the visualization of the incoherent hexagonal crystal classes, two twinned cubes are applied in order to generate symmetry operators that would otherwise be missing. The resulting hexagonal dipyramid is described in the frame of a cube, reducing the number of used symmetry operators from 72 to 60. The complete set of 32 polyhedra are suitable, for example, as a visual aid for understanding the crystal symmetry and/or sub‐ and supergroup relationships.     

高一学生物质检验题答题情况的诊断研究

以NH4+的检验为主要内容,开展纸笔测验,采用描述统计、差异分析,从操作描述、化学用语以及原理理解等3个方面入手了解高一学生物质检验内容的学习情况,分析性别及班级水平差异,发现学生在物质检验题作答时存在的主要问题.结果显示,大部分学生无法完整规范地描述物质检验的基本方法和书写对应的化学反应方程式,同时,没有深入了解物质...     

A choice option between proofs in linear algebra

At their final exam in linear algebra students at the author's university were given the possibility to choose between two types of proofs to be done. They could either prove two short statements by themselves or they could explain four steps in a given proof. This paper reports on investigations of students’ responses to the choice option compared to the final grade of their exam: the relation between choice and grade, students’ thoughts about why they preferred one proof to the other, and their opinions on having to choose. The analysis is based on the students’ solutions and answers in questionnaires distributed immediately after the exam. The paper concludes that the students’ opinions do not imply that there is a ‘best way’ of giving a proof, but a choice option is preferred by almost all students regardless of final grade. It is thus asserted that the choice-option-project should continue.     

Investigating statistical approximations with computer graphics

This paper describes the use of interactive computer graphics software to explore the notion of the approximation of one statistical distribution by another. In particular, the authors illustrate how such programs can be used to investigate the normal approximation to the binomial distribution, the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution, the convergence of t‐distributions to the normal distribution, and the limiting behaviour of the chi‐squared distribution. The discussions include possible methods using such programs, either in a classroom setting on a demonstration basis or on an individual student basis for independent study in a computer laboratory setting.