关注职前化学教师实践性知识的主题教学研修——以师范生“化学肥料”课堂教学为例

为了探索职前化学教师实践性知识生成的指导和培养,由化学师范生、化学教学论教师和初高中化学教师组成的教师学习共同体开展主题教学研修。在关注师范生试教“化学肥料”的基础上,从不同角度开展评析和指导。基于共同体的研修活动指出化学师范生应回归学科知识,职前指导需要多元化补充,来自不同层面的师生组成学习共同体利于共同成长。该活动从实践层面开拓教师教育课程改革的新方向。     

空巢老人手机用户的精准识别

以神经网络为计算模型,在合理处理已知数据的异常情况后,依据给定指标制定出(非)空巢老人的标准,以此建立(非)空巢老人集合的核作为学习样本,从而获得初步的识别结果,同时从输入和输出2个方面对其进行了多种检验。这套完整流程,也可用于解决类似的精准识别和其他数据挖掘问题。     

Locally logical mathematics: An emerging teacher honoring both students and mathematics

This case study explores the mathematics engagement and teaching practice of a beginning secondary school teacher. The focus is on the mathematical opportunities available to her students (the classroom mathematics) and how they relate to the teacher's personal capacity and tendencies for mathematical engagement (her personal mathematics). We use a mathematical process-and-action approach to analyze mathematical engagement and then employ the teaching triad—mathematical challenge, sensitivity to students, and management of learning—to situate mathematical engagement within the larger context of teaching practice. The article develops the construct of locally logical mathematics to underscore the cogency of mathematical engagement in the classroom as part of a coherent mathematical system that is embedded within a teaching practice. Contributions of the study include the process-and-action approach, especially in tandem with the teaching triad, as a tool to understand nuances of mathematical engagement and differences in demand between written and implemented tasks.     

STEM Teachers' Planned and Enacted Attempts at Implementing Engineering Design‐Based Instruction

This study investigates grades 5 and 6 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers' planned and actualized engineering design‐based instruction, the instruments used to characterize their efforts, and the implications this work has for teachers' implementations of an integrated approach to STEM education. Participants included 23 STEM teachers from six schools (three rural, two suburban, and one urban). Data were gathered via lesson implementation plans and classroom observations. Teachers demonstrated strength in planning for standards‐ and engineering design‐based lessons, incorporating engineering practices within their respective implementation plans, and aligning their plans with content and design process standards. Missing from their plans was attention to science concepts and their placement, use, and application within a design task. Classroom observations indicated that the teacher participants gave priority to “front loading,” the design process by concentrating more of their instructional time on problem identification and planning and less time on testing designs, communicating performance results, and redesigning. Measures utilized in this study provided insight into the content of teachers' planning and subsequent instruction and suggest potential for capturing content planning in the context of classrooms in which teachers are attempting to integrate novel curriculum, such as the new standards for engineering practices.     

Computational estimation skill of preservice teachers: operation type and teacher view

Despite the importance of computational estimation skill for the improvement of number sense, little research exists on preservice teachers’ estimation skills and their view on estimation in the US context. This study examined the computational estimation skill of 58 preservice elementary teachers (PSTs) and its relationship to their views of the meaning of estimation and the importance of teaching it. Three sets of instruments were used: an estimation task, a computational task, and a belief survey. Results indicated that PSTs performed differently depending on the types of operations on the estimation test. It was also found that different types of problems elicited different strategies. Furthermore, the intervention of the study, along with five other factors were found to significantly correlate with estimation skills. The five factors include PSTs’ mathematical knowledge, their reported confidence about estimation skills, their self-reported knowledge about calculator use in instruction, their views of estimation in teaching mathematics, and their definition of estimation. A negative correlation was documented for the knowledge of calculator use in instruction, and positive correlations were present for other factors. Implications are discussed in accordance with these findings.     

Engineering design and the development of knowledge for teaching among preservice science teachers

The goal of this article is to inform professional understanding regarding preservice science teachers’ knowledge of engineering and the engineering design process. Originating as a conceptual study of the appropriateness of “knowledge as design” as a framework for conducting science teacher education to support learning related to engineering design, the findings are informed by an ongoing research project. Perkins’s theory encapsulates knowledge as design within four complementary components of the nature of design. When using the structure of Perkins’s theory as a framework for analysis of data gathered from preservice teachers conducting engineering activities within an instructional methods course for secondary science, a concurrence between teacher knowledge development and the theory emerged. Initially, the individuals, who were participants in the research, were unfamiliar with engineering as a component of science teaching and expressed a lack of knowledge of engineering. The emergence of connections between Perkins’s theory of knowledge as design and knowledge development for teaching were found when examining preservice teachers’ development of creative and systematic thinking skills within the context of engineering design activities as well as examination of their knowledge of the application of science to problem‐solving situations.     

Exploiting the potential of primary historical sources in primary school: a focus on teacher’s actions

Integrating history of mathematics in classes could be a hard task with young pupils. Indeed, original historical sources have a language that is far from the modern one. Such texts represent cultural artefacts that can give access to mathematical knowledge. The teacher can exploit such potential acting as a mediator between the mathematical signs of the source and those signs that are accessible to students. Through a case study, we investigate the role of the teacher in the process of semiotic mediation during a collective discussion. The analysed intervention is made of two phases: firstly, students work collaboratively and secondly, the teacher mediates a discussion aimed at institutionalizing the knowledge. During the discussion, working on a text from Tartaglia’s translation of Euclid’s Elements, a group of fifth graders constructs a definition of prime numbers. Referring to the Theory of Semiotic Mediation, we analyse the role of the teacher in building up semiotic chains linking students’ productions to an institutionalized knowledge emerging from the collective discussion. We highlight how teacher’s focalization on students’ words allows the progress of the discussion: the potential of the historical text is exploited fostering a definition that is close to culturally shared mathematics.     

高校师范生化学教学设计课程学习的问题及对策研究*

提高师范生的教学设计能力是师范生培养的重要内容。选取了1所省属师范院校的卓越教师计划师范生为研究对象,从教材分析、学情分析、教学目标、教学重难点、教学过程、板书设计等6个维度对师范生化学教学设计的现状进行调查,发现经过化学教学设计课程的学习,师范生在“学情分析”和“板书设计”2个维度上的整体水平较其他维度仍然很低。针对存在的问题探讨了提升师范生培养质量的对策,为推动师范生培养质量的持续改进提供参考。     

TPCHK视域下西部农村中学化学教师培训需求分析——基于陕西省“国培”项目的调查

利用“整合技术的化学教学知识”框架设计西部地区农村中学化学教师培训需求问卷,对参加“国培项目”的陕西省农村中学化学教师的调查数据,采用有序Probit模型,从TPCHK主要解释的9个变量入手进行实证分析。分析结果显示教师对特定主题下的学情分析、中学化学实验改进能力、化学教师在信息技术与课程整合过程中的作用等内容方面存在教学实践的执行困难,培训可通过分析参训教师实际教学中的课例、组织学习共同体,借助案例和活动的形式,促使培训内容较大程度符合教师培训实际需求。     

职前化学教师评价素养提升的实证研究

研究采用单组前后测设计的准实验研究方法,以化学专业师范生为研究对象,通过基于真实情境的"化学教学测量与评价"课程教学,提升职前教师的学业评价素养。结果发现：课程教学后,职前教师的评价素养有显著提升,但各维度的提升效果不同,"基本概念"和"数据解释"2个维度的效果明显,且最终的素养水平也高;"测验设计"维度提升效果虽不显著,但学生的最终水平表现较好;而"质量特性"评价伦理"和"测验评分"等维度,提升效果虽然明显,但最终的素养水平却不够理想。