Application of ATR–FTIR spectroscopy to the analysis of tannins in historic leathers: The case study of the upholstery from the 19th century Portuguese Royal Train

Tanning materials of historic leather samples collected from the 19th century Portuguese Royal train were analyzed by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy. Studied leathers were visually identified as morocco leathers, one of the most valued types of vegetable tanned leathers. In technical and historic literature, morocco leathers are described as a distinctive type of vegetable tanned leather, with a typical grain surface pattern, made from goat skins and sumac (Rhus coriaria) leaves.ATR–FTIR spectra of the Royal train leathers were investigated and compared with 10 reference tanning materials obtained from different plants in use in the 19th century, here described. Two different types of vegetable tanned leathers were identified. The obtained spectra allowed to confirm the presence of morocco leathers as well as to detect a different type of vegetable tanned leather, probably applied as a restoration material in a past intervention. This study shows the usefulness of ATR–FTIR to distinguish different types of historic leathers based in the spectroscopic characteristic IR bands of vegetable tannins used for leather production, which can be of great assistance for conservation condition assessments.     

Adjustment of the ion energy distribution in double plasma and other synthesized plasma devices

The parallel ion energy distribution of a synthesized plasma can be readily controlled via plasma potential gradients in the ion source chamber(s). Alternatively, layers of electrically biased metal filaments can introduce an isotropic ion heating.     

基于综合非线性优化方法的倒张型悬索桥非线性优化设计

提出随机优化、零阶优化和一阶优化相结合的综合非线性优化方法,并通过对ANSYS程序的二次开发编制全面优化设计和非线性有限元分析的综合辅助程序,从而对倒张型悬索桥进行非线性优化设计,以更合理地确定倒张型悬索桥设计中的关键因素,最终使倒张型悬索桥的受力和变形达到均匀合理的状态,以利于实际工程设计和应用.从优化设计前后的对比可以看出,本文的综合非线性优化方法和综合辅助程序简单有效,优化的效果显著.     

Asymmetric Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Bioactive Morpholine Derivative

A novel morpholine derivative was synthesized by Michael addition/internal nucleophilic substitution of 4-(L)-menthyloxy(1R,2S,5R)-butenolide with phenyl-glyalcohol under mild condition, and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. The target compound belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 5.7729(7), b = 11.5032(14), c = 25.161(3) , Mr = 319.35, Z = 4, V = 1670.8(4) 3, Dc = 1.270 g/cm3, μ(MoKα) = 0.094 mm-1, F(000) = 680, Flack = 0.01(2), R = 0.0398 and wR = 0.0914.     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Herbicidal Activity of N-（7-Chloro-5-ethoxy-2H-[1,2,4] thiadiazolo [2,3-a] pyrimidin-2-ylidene）-2-（2,4-dichlorophenoxy）propanamide

The title compound N-(7-chloro-5-ethoxy-2H-[1,2,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidin- 2-ylidene)- 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanamide 3 has been synthesized through using bromine as cyclic reagent in 63% isolated yield. Suitable single crystals for X-ray diffraction were obtained by recrystallization from the mixture solvents at room temperature. Crystallographic data of 3: C16H13- Cl3O3S, Mr = 447.71, triclinic, space group P, a = 8.7461(8), b = 9.9560(10), c = 11.8572(11) , α = 94.341(2), β = 94.683(2), γ = 112.929(2)o, Z = 2, V = 941.21(15) 3, Dc = 1.580 g/cm3, F(000) = 456, R = 0.0794, wR = 0.2056 and μ(MoKα) = 0.623 mm-1. The title compound 3 was found to be effective in herbicidal activity.     

Syntheses and(Crystal Structures of Two New One-dimensional Double Hydrogen-bonding-chain Complexes [Ni(bipy)2Cl]·ClO4 and [Zn(bipy)2Cl]·BF4

Two new transition metal complexes, [Ni(bipy)2Cl]·ClO4 (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) 1 and [Zn(bipy)2Cl]·BF4 2, have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both 1 and 2 crystallize in monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4. For 1, a = 10.776(1), b = 12.067(1), c = 16.146(2)(A), β= 93.021(2)o, V = 2031.9(4)(A)3, Mr = 505.98, Dc = 1.654 g/cm3, μ = 1.255 mm-1, F(000) = 1032, the final R = 0.0406 and wR = 0.1002 for 3983 observed reflections with Ⅰ ＞ 2σ(I). For 2, a = 10.758(4), b = 12.058(4), c = 16.135(5) (A), β = 104.57(1)o, V = 2025.7(12) (A)3, Mr = 500.00, Dc = 1.639 g/cm3, μ = 1.396 mm-1, F(000) = 1008, the final R = 0.0470 and wR = 0.1237 for 3759 observed reflections with Ⅰ ＞ 2σ(I). The crystal structures of 1 and 2 are isostructural with very similar supramolecular structures. A one-dimen- sional zigzag double hydrogen-bonding-chain is generated by the intermolecular M-bipy …anion…bipy--M hydrogen bonding interactions between the chelating ligands of bipy and anion.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Cadmium(Ⅱ) Polymer with One-dimensional Chain Structure: [Cd(MDPPz)(BDC)(H2O)]n

A metal-organic coordination compound formulated as [Cd(MDPPz)(BDC)(H2O)]n 1 (MDPPz = 11-methyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 30.673(8), b = 9.623(3), c = 20.784(6) (A), β = 98.646(3)o, V = 6065(3) (A)3, C27H17CdN4O5, Mr = 589.85, Dc = 1.292 g/cm3, μ(MoKα) = 0.757 mm(1, F(000) = 2360, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0381 and wR = 0.0855 for 4191 observed reflections (I＞2σ(I)). 1 exhibits blue fluorescence property at room temperature.     

Crystal Structure of 1-Phenyl-1,3-butandione Benzidine Diketoimine

1-Phenyl-1,3-butandione benzidine diketoimine 2a (C32H28N2O2,Mr=472.56) was synthesized in high yield by the reaction of 1-phenyl-1,3-butandione with benzidine in absolute ethanol,and determined by X-ray structure analysis. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system,space group P21/c with a=7.9839(16),b=12.910(3),c=12.358(3),α=90.00,β=93.71(3),γ= 90.00°,V=1271.1(4)3,Z=2,Dc=1.235 g/cm3,μ=0.077 mm-1,F(000)=500,the final R= 0.0717 and wR=0.1187. It presents a linear centrosymmetric framework constituted by a linkage of benzidine as a bridge and two terminal 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione moieties.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of E,E-1,4-Bis[4＇-(N,N-di-n-butylamino)-styryl]-2,5-dimenthoxybenzene

The title compound E,E-1,4-bis[4＇-(N,N-di-n-butylamino)styryl]-2,5-dimen- thoxybenzene (abbreviated to DBMB) has been synthesized by the wittig reaction of [(2,5- dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene)]bis(methylene)]bistriphenylphosphonium dichloride with 4-(N,N-di-n- butylamino)benzaldehyde. Its crystal structure was determined by a four-circle diffractometer. Crystal data: C40H56N2O2, Mr = 596.87, triclinic, space group P, a = 0.9303(2), b = 0.9625(2), c = 1.0442(2) nm, α = 81.493(12), β = 78.387(12), γ = 87.876(11)°, V = 0.9057(4) nm3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.094 g/cm3, F(000) = 326, μ(MoKa) = 0.066 mm-1, the final R = 0.0925 and wR = 0.2092. The results reveal that the molecule is a completely reverse structure with fine symmetry and a conju- gated system.     

纤维素三苯甲酯的合成及醇类的气相色谱分析

用超声反应合成了纤维素三苯甲酯,并将其涂布于ＧＤＸ－１０２上,用作气相色谱的耐高温固定相。研究了脂肪族醇类和一些芳香族化合物的分离。计算了各物质在纤维素三苯甲酯－ＧＤＸ柱上的吸附热数值（－△Ｈ＿ａ）。