强光一号水开关击穿性能

采用光学诊断和电磁测量相结合的方法对"强光一号"不同结构的水开关的放电特性进行研究,其中包括环-板结构、球-板结构及局部场增强球-板结构。通过理论模拟开关电场分布及"强光一号"加速器水开关击穿电压的实际测量可以分析不同结构的开关工作稳定性,结果表明:环-板结构的水开关具有最稳定的击穿特性,15发放电的时间抖动只有30 ns;局部场增强球-板结构水开关抖动60 ns;球-板结构水开关稳定性最差,抖动达到140 ns。利用纳秒时间分辨可见光分幅相机和光纤传感器对环-板型及局部场增强球-板结构水介质开关进行光学测量,得到了电流通道发展图像以及整个放电过程的光强变化信号。实验结果表明:环-板型水介质开关开始击穿时的平均场强约为190 kV/cm,同时存在多个放电通道,流注呈树枝状分布,其发展速度为几十cm/s。     

有振幅调制和相位畸变光束的远场光谱移动与光谱开关

基于瑞利衍射公式,研究了被光阑衍射的具有振幅调制和相位畸变光束的远场光谱变化规律。结果表明,有振幅调制和相位畸变光束在远场也会出现光谱异变现象和光谱开关效应,光阑截断参数、光束的相位畸变参数、振幅调制参数、光强调制参数对远场光谱的跃迁量和光谱开关产生影响。通过数值计算结果分析讨论了光阑截断参数及光束各参数影响远场光谱的规律。     

150 kV全固态高压脉冲发生器设计

设计了一种基于全固态MOSFET半导体开关器件的Marx脉冲发生器。充电回路用快恢复二极管代替充电电阻,减小了充电部分功率损耗;将主电路和驱动电路集成在一起,采用自取电模式给驱动电路供电;由光纤传输驱动信号,抑制了放电回路对触发信号的干扰;采用顺/逆时针方向环形分布的紧凑型拓扑结构,不仅减小了回路电感,而且实现了脉冲发生器的小型化与模块化。所设计的Marx发生器充电部分仅需提供900 V低压,用180级单元串联,获得最高幅值为150 kV、脉宽1~5 s可调的高压快脉冲,前沿控制在500 ns以内。利用该脉冲发生器在50 k电阻和5 pF电容并联的等效负载上进行了一系列实验;比较分析了脉冲发生器工作过程中影响脉冲上升沿的几个主要因素,包括回路电感、MOSFET驱动电压及主回路分布电容等,并讨论了提升脉冲前沿的技术措施。     

多间隙气体开关电感

介绍了一种用于快脉冲直线变压器的低电感多间隙气体开关。专门构造了多种形式的单通道放电实验,测量了在不同形态单通道放电时的开关电感,研究发现:单通道放电时开关电感除了受到角向电流的影响,还与电弧通道引起的放电回路面积变化有关,开关电感理论计算值与单通道放电时的实测结果最接近;开关在自放电和触发时,均形成了多通道放电,电感明显降低,触发时开关电感最小约为49 nH,电极角向电流的影响可以忽略。     

Analysis of a viral infection model with delayed immune response

It is well known that the immune response plays an important role in eliminating or controlling the disease after human body is infected by virus. In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of a viral infection model with retarded immune response. The effect of time delay on stability of the equilibria of the system has been studied and sufficient condition for local asymptotic stability of the infected equilibrium and global asymptotic stability of the infection-free equilibrium and the immune-exhausted equilibrium are given. By numerical simulating,we observe that the stationary solution becomes unstable at some critical immune response time, while the delay time and birth rate of susceptible host cells increase, and we also discover the occurrence of stable periodic solutions and chaotic dynamical behavior. The results can be used to explain the complexity of the immune state of patients.     

Acid/Base‐Mediated Uptake and Release of Halide Anions with a Preorganized Aryl‐Triazole Foldamer

A new approach for the construction of artificial receptors capable of selectively uptake and release of halides to mimic the biological halide ions pumps is developed, in which the preorganized aryl‐triazole foldamer was designed to bear a resorcinolic group in the central strand as a switch regulator. By using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene/picric acid as the trigger, the foldamer can be switched between “w”‐shape and helical conformation. Due to the large, half‐open cavity as well as the additional electrostatic repulsion between oxyanions and guest halide, the foldamer in “w”‐shape possesses a much weaker affinity for chloride, bromide, and iodide anions than those in the helical conformation in 6:94 (v/v) [D₆]DMSO/CDCl₃. When the foldamer and chloride ions have the same initial concentrations of 1 mM , 70 % chloride ions in the solution could be reversibly bound or released upon switching.     

Current state of photoconductive semiconductor switch engineering

This paper presents the current state of a photoconductive semiconductor switch engineering. A photoconductive semiconductor switch is an electric switch with its principle of operation based on the phenomenon of photoconductivity. The wide application range, in both low and high-power devices or instruments, makes it necessary to take design requirements into account. This paper presents selected problems in the scope of designing photoconductive switches, taking into account, i.e. issues associated with the element trigger speed, uniform distribution of current density, thermal resistance, operational lifespan, and a high, local electric field generated at the location of electrodes. A review of semiconductor materials used to construct devices of this type was also presented.