羧甲基壳聚糖对染料废水的脱色研究

纺织工业是我国重要的经济部门,也是我国工业废水的排放大户,其中印染废水排放量又占纺织工业废水排放量的80%,已成为我国各大水域的重要污染源。印染废水的两大污染指标是色度和COD,污染的特点和处理的难点是色度高,脱色困难[1-2]。作为一种天然生物高分子,壳聚糖(chitosan,简称CTS)以其独有的絮凝、成膜、吸附、螯合等性能在印染废水脱色研究领域得到广泛应用[3-8]。作为絮凝剂处理废水时,壳聚糖由于水溶性差而需先溶于稀酸,应用受到一定限制,故人们纷纷将其改性制成水溶性的羧甲基壳聚糖(carboxy-methyt chitosan,简称NOCC)。张秋华[…     

Researches on the Removal of Pb（Ⅱ） by Hydrothermally Modified Oyster Shells

A novel wastewater purification material was prepared by a hydrothermal method. It was mainly made from oyster shells with the merits of long service time, large surface area, high lead removal efficiency and excellent recyclable properties. The technological conditions were decided respectively based on the lead removal efficiencies. At pH = 5 and 30 ℃, for the wastewater with the initial concentration of Pb2+ to be 5 mg/L, adsorption time 24 h, and 1 mg to 40 mL of mass ratio between adsorbent and Pb2+, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 0.19 mg/g. The lead removal material prepared by hydrothermal method has excellent recycle performance. The equilibrium adsorption capacity can get to 9.71 mg/g and the average Pb2+ removal rate is as high as 66.39%. After reusing for 60 times, the SEM observation shows that the hydrates of reticular formation is formed after hydrothermal modification, which provides a good attachment position for Pb2+, indicating the physical adsorption is dominant.     

肝源性磷脂酰胆碱的分离纯化及其对肝癌细胞抑制作用的评价

采用氧化铝柱色谱法以95%乙醇作为洗脱剂分离纯化了肝源性磷脂酰胆碱(PC)，并采用GF254硅胶板薄层色谱法以氯仿-甲醇-水（65∶25∶4，体积比)为展开剂测定了PC的纯度。结果表明以95%乙醇洗脱氧化铝色谱柱中的磷脂时,PC可完全与磷脂酰乙醇胺分离,其纯度和得率均高于80%。采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法(MTT法)测定了不同浓度的PC对大鼠肝癌CBRH-7919 胞增殖的影响,并与人白血病K562细胞做比较,发现肝源性PC对肝癌细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用,且存在时间-剂量依赖关系。     

Simultaneous determination of acidic,neutral and basic pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

In this work, an ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification and confirmation of the 20 most consumed pharmaceuticals in Spain in urban wastewater and surface water samples. The scope of the method included acidic, neutral and basic compounds belonging to different therapeutic classes and allows their simultaneous determination in just a single injection, giving realistic information of the most widely consumed pharmaceuticals in only one analysis. An enrichment step based on solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges was carried out, followed by UHPLC-MS/MS measurement with a fast-acquisition triple quadrupole mass analyzer. It allowed working with short dwell times and made possible to acquire three simultaneous SRM transitions per compound to assure a reliable identification. Several isotope-labelled internal standards were used as surrogates to correct SPE losses, as well as matrix effects that notably affect quantification of analytes. The method was validated in surface water and effluent and influent urban wastewater at different concentrations from 0.005 μg/L (surface water) to 1.25 μg/L (influent wastewater). The optimized method was applied to the analysis of 84 urban wastewater samples (influent and effluent), with the result that 17 out of 20 compounds monitored were detected in the samples. Analgesics and anti-inflamatories, cholesterol lowering statin drugs and lipid regulators were the major groups found, with diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, 4-aminoantipyrine, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil and venlafaxine being the most frequently detected. The highest concentration level reached was 277 μg/L for salicylic acid in influent wastewater.     

Competitive Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B on Natural Zeolite: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies

A batch system was applied to study the adsorption behavior of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) in single and binary component systems on natural zeolite. In the single component systems, the zeolite presents higher adsorption capacity for MB than RB with the maximal adsorption capacity of 7.95×10^?5 and 1.26×10^?5 mol/g at 55°C for MB and RB, respectively. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐ order kinetics and could be described by a two‐step diffusion process. For the single component systems, the adsorption isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir model. In the binary component system, MB and RB exhibit competitive adsorption on the zeolite. The adsorption is approximately reduced to 50% and 60% of single component adsorption systems of MB and RB, respectively at an initial concentration of 6×10^?6 mol·L^?1 at 25°C. In the binary component system, kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies demonstrate that the experimental data are following pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm and kinetic data are fairly described by a two‐step diffusion model. Effect of solution pH on adsorption of MB and RB in both single and binary component systems was studied and the results were described by electrostatic interactions.     

对甲基苯磺酸废水光催化氧化处理的正交试验研究

在TiO2悬浮体系下,采用对甲基苯磺酸模拟废水进行半导体光催化氧化降解静态试验;利用正交试验研究了光催化氧化降解的主要影响因素(pH值、催化剂用量、光照强度、光照时间).结果表明:在一定条件下,催化剂投加量、溶液pH、照射光强度及光照时间均存在一个最佳值;依据其影响对甲基苯磺酸废水光催化降解反应的大小,各因素排列顺序为:光照时间(光照强度(初始pH(催化剂用量.在试验最佳条件下(pH=3,催化剂用量80 mg.L-1,光照强度500 W,光照时间120 min),对甲基苯磺酸能够完全降解.     

混凝沉淀法处理工业含氟废水的工艺研究

以半导体工业中的含氟废水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀法对去除废水中氟离子进行了系统的工艺研究.以Ca(OH)2为沉淀剂,分别用聚合氯化铁(PFC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,并加入聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)助凝剂的方法,对药剂投加量、混凝剂种类、体系pH值、沉降时间等因素进行了实验探索.结果显示,PFC比PAC混凝效果好.当Ca(OH)2添加量为理论值的2.5倍,PFC用量为15mg/L,助凝剂PAM用量为4mg/L,体系的pH值在6～7时,其除氟效果最佳,此时废水中残留氟离子浓度可降低至5.5mg/L,远远低于国家规定的排放标准(10mg/L).     

军用化工企业含氮废水处理工艺研究

采用厌氧——缺氧——SBR微生物生化处理组合工艺,研究了双基（含双基混合酯）球扁药含氮废水处理技术,通过菌种驯化,实现了高盐浓度、高CODCr含量废水经处理后达标排放,CODCr的总去除率达到97．7％,质量浓度降到96mg／L;BOD5总去除率达到了98．O％,质量浓度降到28mg／L;SS的总去除率达到94．4％,质量浓度降到了9mg／L。     

Simultaneous ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination of amphetamine and amphetamine-like stimulants,cocaine and its metabolites,and a cannabis metabolite in surface water and urban wastewater

An ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification and confirmation of 11 basic/acidic illicit drugs and relevant metabolites in surface and urban wastewater at ng/L levels. The sample pre-treatment consisted of a solid-phase extraction using Oasis MCX cartridges. Analyte deuterated compounds were used as surrogate internal standards (except for norbenzoylecgonine and norcocaine) to compensate for possible errors resulting from matrix effects and those associated to the sample preparation procedure. After SPE enrichment, the selected drugs were separated within 6 min under UHPLC optimized conditions. To efficiently combine UHPLC with MS/MS, a fast-acquisition triple quadrupole mass analyzer (TQD from Waters) in positive-ion mode (ESI+) was used. The excellent selectivity and sensitivity of the TQD analyzer in selected reaction monitoring mode allowed quantification and reliable identification at the LOQ levels. Satisfactory recoveries (70–120%) and precision (RSD < 20%) were obtained for most compounds in different types of water samples, spiked at two concentration levels [limit of quantification (LOQ) and 10LOQ]. Thus, surface water was spiked at 30 ng/L and 300 ng/L (amphetamine and amphetamine-like stimulants), 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L (cocaine and its metabolites), 300 ng/L and 3000 ng/L (tetrahydrocannabinol-COOH). Recovery experiments in effluent and influent wastewater were performed at spiking levels of three and fifteen times higher than the levels spiked in surface water, respectively. The validated method was applied to urban wastewater samples (influent and effluent). The acquisition of three selected reaction monitoring transitions per analyte allowed positive findings to be confirmed by accomplishment of ion ratios between the quantification transition and two additional specific confirmation transitions. In general, drug consumption increased in the weekends and during an important musical event. The highest concentration levels were 27.5 μg/L and 10.5 μg/L, which corresponded to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or ecstasy) and to benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite), respectively. The wastewater treatment plants showed good removal efficiency (>99%) for low levels of illicit drugs in water, but some difficulties were observed when high drug levels were present in wastewaters.     

淀粉黄原酸酯的合成改进及其应用研究

改进了不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯(ISX)的合成工艺,并研究了合成的ISX在若干废水中去除Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)离子的影响因素和工艺条件.此外,还探索了ISX合成过程中的反应废液的回用及处理废水后的污泥回收再利用技术.