光学萌芽时期的科学思维与中西文明对比

围绕科学教育的目的,通识课程“众说有光”模块基于中西方光学萌芽时期的发展史实现教学设计,引导学生了解人类历史早期不同社会群体对光学基本问题从主观认识向客观理解的演变过程,探究该时期光学理论体系的发展状况,思考中西文明对科学思维形成、研究方法演变等方面的影响,并从多学科的视角了解光学发展与人类文明的联系.     

Highly Valuable Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae: Strategies to Improve Their Yields and Their Potential Exploitation in Aquaculture

Microalgae have a great potential for the production of healthy food and feed supplements. Their ability to convert carbon into high-value compounds and to be cultured in large scale without interfering with crop cultivation makes these photosynthetic microorganisms promising for the sustainable production of lipids. In particular, microalgae represent an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), whose consumption is related to various health benefits for humans and animals. In recent years, several strategies to improve PUFAs’ production in microalgae have been investigated. Such strategies include selecting the best performing species and strains and the optimization of culturing conditions, with special emphasis on the different cultivation systems and the effect of different abiotic factors on PUFAs’ accumulation in microalgae. Moreover, developments and results obtained through the most modern genetic and metabolic engineering techniques are described, focusing on the strategies that lead to an increased lipid production or an altered PUFAs’ profile. Additionally, we provide an overview of biotechnological applications of PUFAs derived from microalgae as safe and sustainable organisms, such as aquafeed and food ingredients, and of the main techniques (and their related issues) for PUFAs’ extraction and purification from microalgal biomass.     

Assessing the Role of Digital Awareness in Promoting Polymer-Based Sustainability

The plastic waste crisis is a major environmental challenge facing the world today. The overuse and improper disposal of plastic materials have caused significant damage to the environment, affecting the health of both humans and animals. The adoption of sustainable alternatives to plastic, such as polymer-based materials, is crucial to addressing this issue. In the Indian context, polymer-based sustainability has created new growth potential for the packaging sector. This study has improved consumer behavior and raised income by gaining an understanding of and access to customers' digital awareness of polymer-based sustainability. In addition to its role in communication and attracting consumer attention, packaging must align with modern environmental standards for preservation methods to meet the growing consumer demand for eco-friendly products and environmentally conscious companies. In keeping with the objectives, this paper employs a method for analyzing current research on the influence of polymer-based sustainability esthetics on consumer behavior. The research design is quantitative. The model of the literature review is used to develop the structured questionnaire. The results show that digital awareness significantly influences consumer perceptions of polymer-based sustainability. The study recommends that manufacturers of polymer-based materials invest in digital awareness campaigns to increase consumer acceptance and promote sustainability.     

工程力学如何为开发中国西部做贡献

本文就开发中国西部地区中工程力学能做的贡献提出了建议。涉及交通运输,资源和能源的开发利用,发展微量水农业,创建新的农牧业,培养人才等八个方面。      

国土规划与区域可持续发展

国土规划的最终目标是实现区域可持续发展．本文认为区域可持续发展与国土规划具目的和手段的关联效应,并从新时期国土规划的要求入手,提出必须加强国土规划工作,以实现区域可持续发展     

高中化学合情推理教学的初步研究

合情推理（Plausible reasoning）对科学教育具重要意义。通过科学哲学、逻辑学讨论以及历史实例说明科学发现离不开合情推理,科学教育必须重视合情推理能力的培养,并对高中化学合情推理教学的可能性、对象和内容等问题进行了讨论。     

高中化学教科书中安全教育内容的设计及教学建议

人教版新高中化学教科书对安全教育内容进行了整体设计,呈现出注重形象化、注意多角度、突出适切性和体现观念性等鲜明特点。建议教师能对教科书中实验安全图标的研制,内容的集中与分散、外显与内隐的呈现方式,以及定量与法规意识的考虑等加以关注,同时,在教学中重视安全教育内容的挖掘、利用及评价。     

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Use: Organic Synthesis Using Carbon Dioxide from Exhaust Gas

A carbon capture and use (CCU) strategy was applied to organic synthesis. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) captured directly from exhaust gas was used for organic transformations as efficiently as hyper‐pure CO₂ gas from a commercial source, even for highly air‐ and moisture‐sensitive reactions. The CO₂ capturing aqueous ethanolamine solution could be recycled continuously without any diminished reaction efficiency.     

Dihydroxy-Acid Dehydratases From Pathogenic Bacteria: Emerging Drug Targets to Combat Antibiotic Resistance

There is an urgent global need for the development of novel therapeutics to combat the rise of various antibiotic-resistant superbugs. Enzymes of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis pathway are an attractive target for novel anti-microbial drug development. Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (DHAD) is the third enzyme in the BCAA biosynthesis pathway. It relies on an Fe−S cluster for catalytic activity and has recently also gained attention as a catalyst in cell-free enzyme cascades. Two types of Fe−S clusters have been identified in DHADs, i.e. [2Fe−2S] and [4Fe−4S], with the latter being more prone to degradation in the presence of oxygen. Here, we characterise two DHADs from bacterial human pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Campylobacter jejuni (SaDHAD and CjDHAD). Purified SaDHAD and CjDHAD are virtually inactive, but activity could be reversibly reconstituted in vitro (up to ∼19,000-fold increase with k_cat as high as ∼6.7 s⁻¹). Inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) measurements are consistent with the presence of [4Fe−4S] clusters in both enzymes. N-isopropyloxalyl hydroxamate (IpOHA) and aspterric acid are both potent inhibitors for both SaDHAD (K_i=7.8 and 51.6 μM, respectively) and CjDHAD (K_i=32.9 and 35.1 μM, respectively). These compounds thus present suitable starting points for the development of novel anti-microbial chemotherapeutics.     

高层框架分析的状态变量传递法

取高层框架柱端位移和对应的柱端力作为状态变量,利用传递矩阵和逐层分析的方法来分析以框架。文中取框架的每一层作为基本单元,建立基本单元端部的状态变量与相邻基本单元端部状态变量之间的转换关系。分析过程中,框架烽的增加仅增加上乘的次数,而待求的基本未知量的数目始终保持不变,从而提高了计算机分析问题的能力。