A Low‐Cost and Environmentally Friendly Mixed Polyanionic Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) are the most promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries in the development of renewable energy sources. The advancement of NIBs depends on the exploration of new electrode materials and fundamental understanding of working mechanisms. Herein, via experimental and simulation methods, we develop a mixed polyanionic compound, Na₂Fe(C₂O₄)SO₄?H₂O, as a cathode for NIBs. Thanks to its rigid three dimensional framework and the combined inductive effects from oxalate and sulfate, it delivered reversible Na insertion/desertion at average discharging voltages of 3.5 and 3.1 V for 500 cycles with Coulombic efficiencies of ca. 99 %. In situ synchrotron X‐ray measurements and DFT calculations demonstrate the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox reactions contribute to electron compensation during Na⁺ desertion/insertion. The study suggests mixed polyanionic frameworks may provide promising materials for Na ion storage with the merits of low cost and environmental friendliness.     

Synthetic Organic Design for Solar Fuel Systems

From the understanding of biological processes and metalloenzymes to the development of inorganic catalysts, electro‐ and photocatalytic systems for fuel generation have evolved considerably during the last decades. Recently, organic and hybrid organic systems have emerged to challenge the classical inorganic structures through their enormous chemical diversity and modularity that led earlier to their success in organic (opto)electronics. This Minireview describes recent advances in the design of synthetic organic architectures and promising strategies toward (solar) fuel synthesis, highlighting progress on materials from organic ligands and chromophores to conjugated polymers and covalent organic frameworks.     

KOtBu‐Catalyzed Michael Addition Reactions Under Mild and Solvent‐Free Conditions

Designed transition metal complexes predominantly catalyze Michael addition reactions. Inorganic and organic base‐catalyzed Michael addition reactions have been reported. However, known base‐catalyzed reactions suffer from the requirement of solvents, additives, high pressure and also side‐reactions. Herein, we demonstrate a mild and environmentally friendly strategy of readily available KO^tBu‐catalyzed Michael addition reactions. This simple inorganic base efficiently catalyzes the Michael addition of underexplored acrylonitriles, esters and amides with (oxa‐, aza‐, and thia‐) heteroatom nucleophiles. This catalytic process proceeds under solvent‐free conditions and at room temperature. Notably, this protocol offers an easy operational procedure, broad substrate scope with excellent selectivity, reaction scalability and excellent TON (>9900). Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction follows an ionic mechanism. Formal synthesis of promazine is demonstrated using this catalytic protocol.     

综合性设计性实验的教学思路探讨

介绍了北京科技大学近年来面向低年级本科生开设综合性设计性实验的教学思路.在实验项目的设置上,根据实验室条件重点考虑可操作性;在实验内容方面重点考虑渐进性,让学生力所能及;在教学方式上强调引导,激发学生的研究兴趣.     

Characterization and Valorization of the Agricultural Waste Obtained from Lavandula Steam Distillation for Its Reuse in the Food and Pharmaceutical Fields

The main focus of the current research was the characterization of the by-products from the steam distillation of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LA) and Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel (LI) aerial parts, as they are important sources of bioactive compounds suitable for several applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The oil-exhausted biomasses were extracted and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were, respectively, 19.22 ± 4.16 and 1.56 ± 0.21 mg/g for LA extract and 17.06 ± 3.31 and 1.41 ± 0.10 mg/g for LI extract. The qualitative analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) revealed that both the extracts were rich in phenolic acids and glycosylated flavonoids. The extracts exhibited radical scavenging, chelating, reducing activities, and inhibitory capacities on acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase. The IC50 values against acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase were, respectively, 5.35 ± 0.47 and 5.26 ± 0.02 mg/mL for LA, and 6.67 ± 0.12 and 6.56 ± 0.16 mg/mL for LI extracts. In conclusion, the oil-exhausted biomasses demonstrated to represent important sources of bioactive compounds, suitable for several applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.     

多学科跨专业物理实验教学研究

本文以跨专业物理实验的教学实践为例,阐述了开设具有特色的适用多专业的实验内容,是实现素质教育的途径之一。     

吉林大学化学学科国际化人才培养模式的探索与实践

吉林大学化学学科作为国家“双一流”建设学科,始终将一流人才的培养作为不懈追求发展的根本目标。充分利用海外优质教育资源,建设与实施多元化、特色化的海外优质课程和国际交流项目,通过搭建外延式实践平台,支持能力阶梯式增长,为培养具有创新意识、实践能力、国际竞争力和家国情怀的高素质人才构建了多层次、国际化的创新人才培养模式,培养了大批化学领域的杰出人才。     

风筝设计及其在航空教育实践中的应用

为了使风筝能够更好地在青少年航空教育教学实践中得到推广,本文阐述了风筝构造、空气动力,以及受力与稳定性分析等风筝设计的相关概念与原理,介绍了美国NASA航空教育的风筝设计软件Kite Modeler,以及自己的教育教学实践情况。实践表明,风筝设计、制作、放飞是一项集简易航空器设计、手工制作、体能锻炼、休闲娱乐等为一体的实践活动,在大中小学航空教育中具有良好的现实意义。     

新工科项目“地方(行业)高校化学类专业应对产业变化的升级改造研究与实践”的实施

This "emerging engineering education (3E)" project "Upgrade and Practice of Chemistry-related Majors of Local and/or Specialized University Responding to the Industry Changes" was supported by the Ministry of Education. To aim at the issue of how to upgrade the chemistry-related majors of a local and/or specialized university responding to industry changes, an investigation on local regional economy and industry changes was carried out, the capability requirements of 3E for talents were analyzed, and the training objectives, graduation requirements as well as the new teaching models were also studied for the major to meet the future requirements. The practical experience for 3E construction of chemistry-related majors by selected universities was suggested.     

应用化学"113"人才培养体系的探索

In order to bridge the gap between the supply and the demand of talent cultivation, the existing talent cultivation system of applied chemistry specialty is reformed and a new "113" talent cultivation system is guided by Outcome-Based Education (OBE) education. The advanced engineering education mode is adopted to provide students with an engineering education based on the background environment of the conceptual-design-implementation-operation (CDIO) process. The characteristic "three modernizations" education mechanism, namely, cooperative education, family training and personalized guidance, are implemented. By building a new system of "113" talents training, an engineering talent training environment is formed, which takes the family as a unit, the enterprise as the background, and the project as the carrier. The problem of separating the supply from the demand of talents training for applied chemistry specialty will be fundamentally solved.