物理化学教学中安全工程教育的融合与内化实例*

如何强化安全工程教育是化学化工类专业高等教育的一个重要课题。通过对蒸汽锅炉爆炸、火灾爆燃事故以及锈蚀危害等3个实例的详细讲述,指出在物理化学的教学中,若适时融入相关的安全工程教育,可以使学生深刻理解安全事故发生及防范所依赖的物理化学原理,从而起到安全意识的内化作用。教学中现代教育技术的引入可以增强这一效果。     

“化学游戏教学”的“学教评产”混合式教学模式实践

基于师范类专业认证理念与毕业要求的教学前端分析,建构“学教评产”混合式教学模式,通过整合教学内容、重构教学安排与优化教学评价,对“化学游戏教学”课程进行创新性改革,并从学生学习成果、教学目标达成与学生满意度等3个方面评价教学成效。结果表明:该教学模式有助于学生学习成果质量的提升,能够有效促进教学目标的达成,并取得较高的学生满意度。     

Sustainable Route for Synthesizing Aluminosilicate EU-1 Zeolite

Developing sustainable routes for the synthesis of zeolites is still a vital and challenging task in zeolite scientific community. One of the typical examples is sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite, which is not very efficient and environmental-unfriendly under hydrothermal condition due to the use of a large amount of water as solvent. Herein, we report a sustainable synthesis route for aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite without the use of solvent for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the obtained EU-1 zeolite are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), N₂ sorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, and solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which show the product has high crystallinity, uniform morphology, large BET surface area, and four-coordinated aluminum species. Moreover, the impact of synthesis conditions is investigated in detail. The sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite under solvent-free     

Zinc‐Catalyzed Depolymerization of End‐of‐Life Polysiloxanes

Polymers occupy an important role in our current society. Besides their great success, an issue is the accumulation of huge amounts of end‐of‐life polymers. Currently, the waste management is based primarily on landfills, thermal recycling, and downcycling. Notably, only a small portion of end‐of‐life materials is recycled by depolymerization, which refers to the creation of synthetic precursors that can be polymerized to new polymers to close the cycle. Widely used polymers in modern times are silicones (polysiloxanes), the intrinsic properties of which make their depolymerization demanding; only a few high‐temperature or less environmentally friendly processes have been reported. In this regard, we have established an efficient low‐temperature protocol for the depolymerization of silicones with benzoyl fluoride in the presence of cheap zinc salts as precatalysts to yield defined products. Notably, the products can be useful synthetic precursors for the preparation of new polymers, so that an overall recycling process is feasible.     

Photochemically Engineering the Metal–Semiconductor Interface for Room‐Temperature Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes with Formic Acid

A mild photochemical approach was applied to construct highly coupled metal–semiconductor dyads, which were found to efficiently facilitate the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Aniline was produced in excellent yield (>99 %, TOF: 1183) using formic acid as hydrogen source and water as solvent at room temperature. This general and green catalytic process is applicable to a wide range of nitroarenes without the involvement of high‐pressure gases or sacrificial additives.     

Preparation of Stereoregular Isotactic Poly(mandelic acid) through Organocatalytic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of a Cyclic O‐Carboxyanhydride

Poly(mandelic acid) (PMA) is an aryl analogue of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and a biodegradable analogue of polystyrene. The preparation of stereoregular PMA was realized using a pyridine/mandelic acid adduct (Py?MA) as an organocatalyst for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic O‐carboxyanhydride (manOCA). Polymers with a narrow polydispersity index and excellent molecular‐weight control were prepared at ambient temperature. These highly isotactic chiral polymers exhibit an enhancement of the glass‐transition temperature (T_g) of 15 °C compared to the racemic polymer, suggesting potential future application as high‐performance commodity and biomedical materials.     

Invoking Pairwise Interactions in Water‐Promoted Diels–Alder Reactions by using Ionic Liquids as Cosolvents

Rate constants and derived activation parameters of organic reactions in aqueous media, in particular Diels–Alder reactions, are sensitive to the presence of cosolvents in water. To enhance the solubility window of water, we introduced ionic liquids as cosolvents in the aqueous Diels–Alder reaction between anthracene‐9‐carbinol and N‐ethylmaleimide. The reactive potentials of the organic compounds are parameterized by using semi‐empirical quantum chemical methods. The principle of Savage–Wood additivity of group interactions is used to quantify the pairwise group interactions among chemically inert ionic liquids and organic reactants, both at initial and transition states of the reaction. The present approach shows promise, as the use of simple calculations from easily available kinetic data can help researchers to understand the versatility of green ionic‐liquid alternatives to volatile organic solvents.     

化学教育走进雄安——白洋淀环保主题暑期实践活动

在京津冀一体化、雄安新区建设和"绿水青山就是金山银山"生态文明思想的三大政策背景下,由首都师范大学化学(师范)专业师生组成的京冀科育团队于2019年暑假走进雄安新区,以化学教育为核心、以环境保护为主题、以提升学科核心素养为导向,开展了兼具化学专业特色和教师教育特色的暑期实践活动。     

传统文化蕴含的化学智慧在元素无机化学教学中的有机融入

在讲授元素无机化学时,把中国传统文化中所包含的化学知识、化学智慧有机地融入课堂教学,将元素无机化学讲授与课程思政教学有机融合,从而增加理科课堂的文化性、知识性和趣味性,激发学生的学习兴趣;同时培养学生的文化自信,激发学生的民族自豪感。