旋涡与行进表面水波相互作用的实验研究

采用振动板式造波器在二维水槽中生成近似单色的行进表面水波，采用夹板式涡发生器生成稳定上浮的涡对，在Ｆｒｏｕｄｅ数约为０．５的条件下，得到了水下涡对与不同波长和振幅的行进表面水波相互作用时的干扰图象，以实验方法验证了理论分析和数值计算的结果，并为进一步研究旋涡与行进表面水波的相互作用提供了一种实验研究方法     

Rheology of polymer blends: linear model for viscoelastic emulsions

 Kerner's model for flow of composite elastic media is extended to an emulsion of viscoelastic phases with interfacial tension undergoing deformations of small amplitude. A privileged internal structure inside the suspended drops is discussed in terms of fluid circulation across the interface. It is shown that for usual drop radius and interfacial tension values of emulsions, the rheological behavior predicted by the model, with very simple expression for the complex shear modulus, is quantitatively similar to that predicted by Palierne's model. Predictions of the model are compared with experimental data obtained on a polystyrene/polyethylene blend sheared in a small-amplitude oscillatory mode. Received: 10 August 1998 Accepted: 18 December 1998     

二甲基—γ—全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷自组装膜的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

利用分子自组装技术 ,用含有全氟烷基的氯硅烷作为前驱体 ,在活化玻璃表面制备了二甲基 -γ-全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷单分子膜 ;用 X射线光电子能谱仪对组装膜表面的几种特征元素及其化学环境进行了表征 ;采用接触角测定仪测定了蒸馏水在自组装薄膜表面的接触角 ,在动静摩擦磨损试验机上评价了薄膜同 GCr1 5钢球对摩时的摩擦磨损性能 .结果表明 :所制备的自组装膜的表面自由能很低 ,具有很好的疏水 -疏油性 ,其对水的接触角高达 1 1 0°;二甲基 -γ-全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷组装膜可以降低基片的摩擦系数 ,而且在较低负荷下具有很好的耐磨性     

表面力仪的改进及超薄膜流变特性的实验研究

在对原表面力仪进行较大改进的基础上 ,以 5 0 0 SN基础油和十六烷为研究对象 ,进行了超薄膜流变特性的实验研究 .结果表明 :在超薄膜润滑条件下 ,5 0 0 SN和十六烷均表现出明显的非牛顿剪切响应 ,即剪切稀释现象 ;摩擦力幅值随剪切速度的增大急剧上升到最大值 ,然后下降至某一固定值附近并产生波动 ;剪切挤压下的临界膜厚小于静态挤压的临界膜厚 ,剪切运动对吸附层有序结构产生破坏作用     

影响分子沉积膜纳米摩擦特性的几个因素

利用原子力显微镜探讨了表面电荷及分子端基对分子沉积膜纳米摩擦特性的影响，并考察了表面形貌在不同扫描方向和法向高度上对摩擦力的影响．结果表明：对Si3N4针尖而言，表面净电荷对摩擦特性有一定的影响，不同类型的表面电荷对摩擦力和摩擦系数的影响不同，正电荷影响相对较大；在较小载荷和粘附力的条件下，针尖在表面上滑动时所受的摩擦作用同分子端基有关；单层CuTsPc分子沉积膜表面形貌的取向对摩擦力影响不大，分子沉积膜的表面高度同摩擦力，即时测量值并不存在对应关系，摩擦力受表面形貌的影响较小．     

A terminally anchored polymer chain in shear flow: Self-consistent velocity and segment density profiles

The behavior of a terminally anchored freely-jointed bead-rod chain, subjected to solvent shear flow, was investigated via Brownian dynamics simulations. Previous calculations have been improved by computing the segment density and fluid velocity profiles self-consistently. The segment density distributions, components of the radius of gyration, and chain attachment shear and normal stresses were found to be sensitive to low values of shear rate. Additionally, it was found that the thickness of a model polymer layer was a strong function of the shear rate, and that the functional dependence on shear rate changed dramatically as the chain length increased. For the longest chains studied, the thickness of the model polymer layer first increased as the shear rate increased, passed through a maximum, and then decreased at high shear rates, in accordance with experimental results in theta solvents. These results suggest that a dilute or semi-dilute layer model may explain hydrodynamic behavior previously thought to be due to the entanglements that occur in dense surface bound polymer layers.Nomenclature a _i acceleration of bead i - b radius of the beads - d length of the rods connecting the chain beads - d _i vector from bead i to bead i + 1 - F _i external force applied to bead i - F _i ^b external force on bead i due to Brownian motion of surrounding fluid - F _i ^h external force on bead i due to viscous drag - F _i ^s external force on bead i due to surface interactions - f Stokes drag coefficient - Boltzmann's constant - L _h effective hydrodynamic thickness - m _i mass of bead i - N number of beads on a model chain - n number of chains anchored to the surface per unit surface area - P segment density distribution P pressure - Q flow in a tube with no surface bound polymer layer - Q _a flow in a tube with a surface bound polymer layer - R _g vector representation of the radius of gyration - R tube radius - r radial coordinate in the tube geometry - S _ij pair hydrodynamic interaction tensor for beads i and j - T _i internal chain force in rod i connecting beads i and i + 1 - T _X component of the surface attachment force in the direction of the fluid flow - T _y component of the surface attachment force perpendicular to the surface - T temperature - v _i velocity of the center of mass of bead i - V _if average fluid velocity at the location of bead i - v _if ⁰ fluid velocity in the absence of a polymer chain - v _if perturbation to the fluid velocity due to hydrodynamic interactions - V _b bead volume = 4 b ³/3 - scalar fluid speed in the axial direction down the tube - x axial coordinate in the tube geometry Greek symbols _w apparent shear rate - fluid viscosity - polymer layer permeability - volume fraction of space occupied by chain beads - (_w)_a chain attachment stress perpendicular to the surface - (_w)_a chain attachment stress in the plane of the surface and in the direction of fluid flow     

粗糙表面分维计算的立方体覆盖法

针对三角形棱柱表面积法和投影覆盖法在计算粗糙表面分形维数中存在的问题,提出了计算粗糙表面分维的立方体覆盖法,对计算结果进行了对比分析,并进一步对表面分维计算中的有关理论问题进行了分析,发现立方体覆盖法作为一种几何意义上的覆盖法,并计算结果比三角形棱柱表面积法和投影覆盖法更接近实际。     

相关识别中的曲面拟合法

本文讨论了相关识别中的曲面拟合法。利用相关系数在真实匹配点附近的统计特性,通过对相关系数进行曲线（一维）或曲面（二维）拟合,根据其一阶导数确定最大相关系数所在的位置,快速得到亚像素匹配点。与逐步搜索法相比,该方法大大减少了运算次数,提高了数字图像相关运算的速度。     

油酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢摩擦磨损性能研究

用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了脂肪酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢的摩擦磨损性能,并用电子探针和X射线光电子能谱研究了钢球磨损表面边界润滑膜的化学组成和元素分布.摩擦磨损试验结果表明:脂肪酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒在水中具有较好的润滑性能、良好的极压性能及较高的承载能力.添加质量分数为0.1%～1.0%的油酸TiO2纳米微粒可使水的承载能力提高6～12倍,烧结负荷提高51～100%,抗磨减摩性能也有较大提高,卡咬负荷由150N提高至1000～1800N.磨损表面分析表明:油酸TiO2纳米微粒在较高负荷(>300N)下发生了摩擦化学反应,生成含TiO2及油酸复合物的边界润滑膜,从而起减摩抗磨作用     

近40年浙江地面气温的变化

用浙江10个站的月平均资料,分析近40年地面气温变化的特征.结果表明:年温变化的总体势态已由本世纪60年代初开始的下降转变为上升.升温开始时间各地不同.本世纪80年代后期,暖冬占优势,夏季气温也有回升迹象.