负载型CuO/TiO2催化剂催化CO2加氢制甲醇

采用浸渍法制备了CuO/TiO₂负载型催化剂,并将其用于CO₂加氢制甲醇反应。重点考察了铜的负载量对催化剂性能的影响,并对其物化性能和催化性能之间的关系进行了讨论。结果发现,随着铜负载量的增加,催化剂中金属铜的比表面先增加后减小,当铜的负载量为10%（质量百分数）时达到最大值。催化剂的表面碱性位数量随铜含量的增加持续减小,中等碱位和强碱位的强度下降。当铜的负载量不高于10%时,CO₂的转化率与铜的比表面积呈线性关系。甲醇选择性与催化剂的表面碱位性质有关,过强的碱性位会降低甲醇选择性。     

铝掺杂针铁矿的制备、表征及吸附氟的特性

水热条件下制备了针铁矿（Goe）和几种铝掺杂针铁矿（Goe-Al_0.1,Goe-Al_0.2和Goe-Al_0.4）,用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、氮气物理性吸附、酸碱滴定等手段对样品进行了表征,并研究了它们对氟离子的吸附特性。结果表明,随着铝掺杂量的增加,铝掺杂针铁矿的结晶度不断减弱、颗粒的长度不断减小。4种样品的微孔表面积、孔体积和表面分形度都表现为Goe < Goe-Al_0.1 < Goe-Al_0.2 < Goe-Al_0.4,而孔径分布表现为相反的顺序。Goe、Goe-Al_0.1、Goe-Al_0.2和Goe-Al_0.4的电荷零点（PZC）分别为8.2、8.3、8.5和8.7,pH=5.0时它们的表面电荷量分别为0.66、0.83、1.03和1.19 mmol·g^-1。准二级动力学模型适合描述4种样品对氟的吸附动力学过程,表明化学吸附是主要作用机制。一位Langmuir模型可较好的拟合等温吸附数据（R²为0.967~0.981）,二位Langmuir模型对等温吸附数据的拟合度更高（R²为0.982~0.995）,而Freundlich模型的拟合度较低（R²为0.877~0.912）。初始pH=5.0时,Goe、Goe-Al_0.1、Goe-Al_0.2和Goe-Al_0.4对氟的最大吸附容量分别为8.83、10.24、11.72和12.86 mg·g^-1。可见,铝掺杂针铁矿对土水环境中氟的吸附容量高于纯针铁矿。     

表面化学侵蚀改性富锂层状正极材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2

采用3种不同pH值的去离子水,NH₄NO₃和H₂C₂O₄溶液对富锂层状正极材料Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂进行表面化学侵蚀改性,旨在改善其整体电化学性能。ICP结果表明pH值对材料中Li的析出具有显著影响。X射线衍射（XRD）表明表面化学侵蚀对材料的结构有影响。拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）表明材料表面结构发生了变化。H₂C₂O₄溶液侵蚀过的样品的首次效率有了极大提高,但同时中值电压和循环性能显著恶化。NH₄NO₃溶液侵蚀过的样品的首次效率从63%提高到了85%,1C倍率下的放电比容量从149 mAh·g^-1提高到194 mAh·g^-1,同时保持了温和的中值电压变化曲线。通过高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对改性机理进行了研究。     

Preparation and characterization of novel polyimide‐silica hybrids

Polyimide‐silica (PI‐SiO₂) hybrids were prepared from a novel polyimide (PI), derived from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 1,6‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)hexane (synthesized) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline. SiO₂ networks (5–30 wt%) were generated through sol–gel process using either tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) or a mixture of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane‐PMDA‐based coupling oligomers (APA) and TEOS. Thin, free standing hybrid films were obtained from the respective mixtures by casting and curing processes. The hybrid films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, ²⁹Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. ²⁹Si NMR results provide information about formation of organically modified silicate structures that were further substantiated by FE‐SEM and AFM micrographs. Contact angle measurements and thermogravimetric thermograms reveal that the addition of APA profoundly influences surface energy, interfacial tension, thermal stability and the residual char yield of modified hybrids in comparison to those obtained by mixing only TEOS. It was found that reduced particle size, efficient dispersion and improved interphase interactions were responsible for the eventual property enhancement. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,characterization, and application of silver nanoparticle‐thiophenol nanocomposite film on the glassy carbon surface

In this study, 4‐thiophenol modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by the reduction of 4‐diazothiophenol tetrafluoroborate salt. Silver nanoparticles were attached to the thiophenol modified surface to prepare a thiophenol‐silver nanoparticle composite film. 4‐Aminothiopenol molecules were deposited by self‐assembling technique to form multi‐layered nanofilms of TP/SNP/PhNH₂ on glassy carbon substrate. These surfaces were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflectance‐absorption infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry at each multilayer film growth process. Atomic force microscopic images of GC/TP/SNP/PhNH₂ surfaces were also acquired. The characterization methods show that the amine group containing surface permits the subsequent modification by a variety of coupling reactions for the immobilization of more complex systems. An application of the electrode modification for the determination of uric acid with a significantly lower detection limit is described. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic Behavior of Surfactants in Solution

Adsorption of various surfactants at the gas liquid interface is studied with equilibrium and dynamic surface tension measurements. The Wilhelmey plate method and maximum bubble pressure method are used for this study. Dynamic surface tension of solutions of different surfactants, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), polyoxyethylene glycol 4‐tert‐octyl phenyl ether (Triton X 100), poly‐oxyethylene(20) cetyl ether (Brij 58), and tetraethylene glycol mono‐n‐dodecyl ether (Brij 30), is measured at different concentrations. Adsorption of different surfactants is compared on the basis of equilibrium and dynamic behavior. Effectiveness and efficiency of different surfactants is found from equilibrium surface tension measurement. A new parameter is defined to quantify the dynamic behavior of adsorption, which gives the concentration of surfactant needed to reduce surface tension to half of its maximum reduction within a defined time available for adsorption. The dynamics of surfactant solution is quantified by using this parameter.     

壬基酚表面印迹聚合物微球的合成及分子识别特性

采用表面分子印迹技术,在二氧化硅微粒表面通过乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷接枝,以壬基酚(NP)为模板、α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体制备了壬基酚印迹聚合物。扫描电镜及比表面分析仪测试结果表明制备的印迹聚合物呈均匀分散的微球,具有较大的比表面积。采用红外光谱表征印迹聚合物微球制备过程中的化学结构变化情况,并用平衡吸附法研究了聚合物对NP的结合性能与分子识别特性。研究结果表明,聚合物对壬基酚具有良好的结合亲和性,最大结合量可达184.6 mg/g。印迹聚合物对NP的吸附量高于其结构类似物对特辛基酚和双酚A的吸附量,表现出较高的选择性识别能力。     

低温等离子体协助B2O3/γ-Al2O3 选择催化还原NO（英文）

研究了低温等离子体协助催化条件下甲烷选择性催化还原NO反应(SCR).反应气体经等离子体活化后,生成NO2,HCHO,CH3NO和CH3NO2等活性更高的中间产物.程序升温表面反应表明,这些中间产物可在等离子体后置催化装置上进一步反应,从而使NOx还原为N2.在考察的一系列催化剂(包括γ-Al2O3,Ag/γ-Al2O3,B2O3/γ-Al2O3,Ga2O3/γ-Al2O3,In2O3/γ-Al2O3等)中,B2O3/γ-Al2O3表现出最好的催化活性.当反应温度为300oC时,NOx转化率达到最高.与γ-Al2O3催化剂相比,在10wt%B2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂上,300oC时,NOx转化为N2的转化率从33.4%提高至51.0%.催化剂的酸性对于经等离子体活化后的反应气体在催化剂上的SCR反应起到重要作用.同时,催化剂上吸附态NOx对于NOx的转化也起到一定作用.     

固相萃取人体血液中安定条件的统计学筛选与响应面优化

采用Plackett-Buman(P-B)法和中心复合设计(Central Composite Design,简称CCD)对影响固相萃取安定的6个因素进行筛选优化。P-B实验设计与统计学分析表明:pH、上样速度、洗脱液用量是影响回收率的3个关键因素。以回收率为响应目标,对3因素进行中心复合设计,并经响应面法优化分析得到影响回收率的二阶模型,确定了安定萃取实验的最优操作条件:pH10.20,上样速度0.67 mL/min,洗脱液用量2.60 mL,实测回收率达到91.26%。在0.10～10.00μg/mL的范围内本方法线性良好(R2>0.99),检测限为0.07μg/mL,日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)<10%,准确度(RE)<±6.0%。     

二氧化碳在铜表面的吸附研究及其光致分解

使用X光电子能谱(XPS)及高分辨电子能量损失谱(HREELS)研究了二氧化碳在铜表面的吸附及其光化学反应.通过实验条件控制将物理吸附及化学吸附的二氧化碳吸附物种分别分离在规整铜表面及无序铜表面上,并使用193 nm激光对其照射研究其相应的光化学反应.结果表明只有化学吸附的二氧化碳物种在光诱导下发生了解理反应,而物理吸附的二氧化碳未发生反应.