Surface Functionalization of Face Masks with Cold Plasma and Its Effect in Anchoring Polyphenols Extracted from Agri-Food

To improve the capability of non-woven polypropylene-based fabric (NWF-PP) used for face mask production to retain active biomolecules such as polyphenols, the surface functionalization of NWF-PP–directly cut from face masks–was carried out by employing cold plasma with oxygen. The nature/structure of the functional groups, as well as the degree of functionalization, were evaluated by ATR-FTIR and XPS by varying the experimental conditions (generator power, treatment time, and oxygen flow). The effects of plasma activation on mechanical and morphological characteristics were evaluated by stress–strain measurements and SEM analysis. The ability of functionalized NWF-PP to firmly anchor polyphenols extracted from cloves was estimated by ATR-FTIR analysis, IR imaging, extractions in physiological solution, and OIT analysis (before and after extraction), as well as by SEM analysis. All the results obtained converge in showing that, although the plasma treatment causes changes–not only on the surface–with certain detriment to the mechanical performance of the NWF-PP, the incorporated functionalities are able to retain/anchor the active molecules extracted from the cloves, thus stabilizing the treated surfaces against thermo-oxidation even after prolonged extraction.     

Behavior of Auramine O in the Aqueous Solution of Two Kolliphors and Their Mixture

The studies on the behavior of Auramine O (AuO) at the water–air interface and in the bulk phase of the aqueous solution of Kolliphor^® ELP (ELP) and Kolliphor^® RH 40 (RH40) and their mixture were based on the results obtained from the measurements of the contact angle of water, formamide and diiodomethane on the polytetrafluoroethylene covered by the AuO layer, the surface tension of the aqueous solution of AuO, AuO + ELP, AuO + RH40, AuO + ELP + RH40, density and fluorescence intensity. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to determine components and parameters of the AuO surface tension, concentration and composition of the mixed monolayer, including AuO, ELP and RH40, as well as that of the mixed micelles, and to determine the Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption, micellization and AuO solubilization. The obtained results also showed that surface tension isotherms of the studied solutions can be described by the Szyszkowski equation and the exponential function of the second order and predicted by the Fainerman and Miller equation. In addition, the mixed surface layer composition can be predicted based on the contribution of the components of this layer to the water surface tension reduction.     

A Supramolecular Approach to Antimicrobial Surfaces

In this paper, we report on the preparation of Imidazole-functionalized glass surfaces, demonstrating the ability of a dinuclear Cu(II) complex of a macrocyclic ligand to give a “cascade” interaction with the deprotonated forms of grafted imidazole moieties. In this way, we realized a prototypal example of an antimicrobial surface based on a supramolecular approach, obtaining a neat microbicidal effect using low amounts of the described copper complex.     

Robust Superhydrophobic Brass Mesh with Electrodeposited Hydroxyapatite Coating for Versatile Applications

A robust superhydrophobic brass mesh was fabricated based on a low-energy surface and a roughness on the nano/micro-meter scale. It was carried out by the forming of hydroxyapatite (HP) coatings on its surface through a constant current electro-deposition process, followed by immersion in fluoroalkylsilane solution. Surface morphology, composition and wetting behavior were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high speed camera, and contact angle goniometer. Under optimal conditions, the resulting brass mesh exhibited superhydrophobicity, excellent anti-corrosion (η = 91.2%), and anti-scaling properties. While the surfactant liquid droplets of tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) with different concentration were dropped on the superhydrophobic surface, maximum droplet rebounding heights and different contact angles (CAs) were observed and measured from side-view imaging. The plots of surfactant-concentration−maximum bounding height/CA were constructed to determine its critical-micelle-concentration (CMC) value. Close CMC results of 1.91 and 2.32 mM based on the determination of maximum rebounding height and CAs were obtained. Compared with its theoretical value of 2.1 mM, the relative errors are 9% and 10%, respectively. This indicated that the novel application based on the maximum rebounding height could be an alternative approach for the CMC determination of other surfactants.     

时间分辨电子显微镜的可行性研究

文章从理论上分析了飞秒激光与金属阴极的相互作用过程.将飞秒激光与金属阴极产生的超短电子脉冲作为电子源,提出了一种具有时间分辨能力的电子显微镜(TREM)的概念设计.文章作者详细地研究了这种电子显微镜的可行性,并讨论了超短电子脉冲的传输和控制问题.     

腔镜失调与面型误差对光束质量影响研究

在准确测量腔镜面形加工精度的基础上,通过光学模拟软件ZEMAX实现了氧碘化学激光器折叠虚共焦非稳腔的光学建模,利用光腔模型进行了腔镜面形误差对光束质量影响的研究以及腔镜失调对光束波前影响的分析,在空腔的情况下利用调腔He-Ne激光进行了光束质量测量实验。实测结果与建模数据基本符合,验证了该方法的可行性。     

损耗调制CO2激光脉冲的噪声特性

由于自发辐射噪声的涨落,CO2激光器的脉冲峰值强度与时间延迟密切相关。理论和实验研究发现,对于典型的B类CO2激光器,在损耗调制情况下,当脉冲峰值出现在最低腔损耗t0之前时,初始自发辐射噪声越大,相对于阈值点的第一个渡跃时间tFP越小,对应的峰值强度越小;当脉冲峰值出现在最低腔损耗t0之后时,初始自发辐射噪声越大,相对于阈值点的第一个渡跃时间tFP越小,对应的峰值强度则越大。     

两种不同算法重现高功率激光束的相位

介绍了两种不同的波前重构算法及基本原理,并给出了实用的重构算法公式。通过用哈特曼小孔阵列板代替传统的哈特曼一沙克传感器的方法,对“星光II” 1012W高功率激光器的波前相位进行了测量和重构,并对两种算法重构的相位进行了比较,得到了一致而令人满意的结果。     

单粒子翻转脉冲激光模拟的能量阈值的计算

根据光的吸收机理,分析了单粒子效应脉冲激光模拟实验中所需用的脉冲激光的特点,探讨了脉冲激光单粒子效应的Monte Carlo计算模拟途径。在只考虑光电效应的简化下,得到存储器硅片单粒子翻转时入射脉冲激光能量阈值与临界电荷的计算关系式,进而给出该硅片的翻转截面的计算公式。在给定了存储器硅片的临界电荷的情况下,对入射脉冲激光能量阈值和单粒子翻转截面进行了计算。     

分步加压法测量薄壁空心玻璃微球的耐压能力

根据空心玻璃微球（HGM）耐内、外压能力与玻璃强度及形状因子的关系,用压力负荷分步增加的方法分别实验测量了直径为350μm～550μm、壁厚＜1.1μm的3种配方HGM的耐内、外压能力及HGM玻璃的杨氏模量和拉伸强度,并由强度测定值给出了不同直径与壁厚HGM的耐内、外压能力的计算式,分析了测量误差,提出了改进方案。