Second graders articulating ideas about linear functional relationships

In this paper, we explore the ideas that second grade students articulate about functional relationships. We adopt a function-based approach to introduce elementary school children to algebraic content. We present results from a design-based research study carried out with 21 second-grade students (approximately 7 years of age). We focus on a lesson from our classroom teaching experiment in which the students were working on a problem that involved a linear functional relationship (y = 2x). From the analysis of students’ written work and classroom video, we illustrate two different approaches that students adopt to express the relationship between two quantities. Students show fluency recontextualizing the problem posed, moving between extra-mathematical and intra-mathematical contexts.     

基于Logistic回归分析的大学生宗教信仰倾向影响因素研究

利用Logistic回归分析,从14个因素中遴选出6个影响大学生宗教信仰倾向的主要因素,分别是:人是否需要宗教信仰;宗教与马克思主义是否存在根本冲突;是否希望在大学期间了解宗教;尊重还是劝阻信教者;信教者与普通人是否存在不同;政治面貌.制作了《大学生宗教信仰倾向测试表》,并给出测试标准.最后提出了大学生宗教信仰教育的基本观点和策略.     

微型化有机合成实验的实践

１前言微型化有机化学实验有降低学生实验费用、节约时间、减少实验的污染物排放、有利于学生实验技能提高等诸多好处，因此，有机化学实验教学工作者一直为微型化有机实验在努力，比较有机化学实验的新老教材，许多有机合成实验的试剂用量都已大大减少［’，’］，但是，真正毫克级的微型化实验对学生来说因操作难度过大而不易实用化。但随着实验技术的发展，在科研中毫克级的合成己广泛应用，因此，对学生进行毫克级的合成反应实验训练已是迫切需要。本文建立了一套在学生实验中实用的薄层色谱操作，并用之于分析、监测反应、判断产物纯度…     

初中学生血吸虫病检查结果与影响因素分析

目的调查和分析江西南昌地区血吸虫病流行区初中学生血吸虫病情况,及相关影响因素。方法 2015年8月至2016年8月,将江西南昌地区血吸虫病流行区中的19个重点县分为血吸虫病传播控制区和血吸虫病疫情控制区,其中传播控制区调查人数1 569名,疫情控制区调查人数1 723名,对所有的学生均采取问卷调查措施。结果疫情控制区初中学生血吸虫病检查率明显高于传播控制区初中学生血吸虫病检查率,数据比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);血防知识知晓及格率越高,检查率越高;学校血防教育频次越高,检查率越高;血防部分教育频次及格率越高,检查率越高,数据比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论江西南昌地区血吸虫病流行区初中学生血吸虫病检查率较低,需要加强对初中学生的健康教育,实现提高初中学生血吸虫病检查率的目的。     

How young students communicate their mathematical problem solving in writing

This study investigates young students’ writing in connection to mathematical problem solving. Students’ written communication has traditionally been used by mathematics teachers in the assessment of students’ mathematical knowledge. This study rests on the notion that this writing represents a particular activity which requires a complex set of resources. In order to help students develop their writing, teachers need to have a thorough knowledge of mathematical writing and its distinctive features. The study aims to add to the body of knowledge about writing in school mathematics by investigating young students’ mathematical writing from a communicational, rather than mathematical, perspective. A basic inventory of the communicational choices, that are identifiable across a sample of 519 mathematical texts, produced by 9–12 year old students, is created. The texts have been analysed with multimodal discourse analysis, and the findings suggest diversity in students’ use of images, words, numerals, symbols and layout to organize their texts and to represent their problem-solving process along with an answer to the problem. The inventory and the indication that students have different ideas on how, what, for whom and why they should be writing, can be used by teachers to initiate discussions of what may constitute good communication.     

因子分析法在农村中学生心理健康综合评价中的应用

运用因子分析的方法对中科院王极盛教授编制的"中国中学生心理健康量表"的总分计算方法进行改进,建立了江西省农村中学生心理健康的综合评价模型,为能准确地评价农村中学生的心理健康提供方法上的支持。     

Students’ ways of understanding a proof

We present a model for describing the growth of students’ understandings when reading a proof. The model is composed of two main paths. One is focused on becoming aware of the deductive structure of the proof, in other words, understanding the proof at a semantic level. Generalization, abstraction, and formalization are the most important transitions in this path. The other path focuses on the surface-level form of the proof, and the use of symbolic representations. At the end of this path, students understand how and why symbolic computations formally establish a claim, at a syntactic level. We make distinctions between states in the model and illustrate them with examples from early secondary students’ mathematical activity. We then apply the model to one student’s developing understanding in order to show how the model works in practice. We close with some suggestions for further research.     

Preservice teachers’ mathematics task modification for emergent bilinguals

Implementing mathematically challenging tasks is difficult for teachers when working with emergent bilinguals because cognitively demanding tasks in mathematics commonly have high language demand. Currently, inadequate teacher preparation for teaching emergent bilinguals is becoming a significant concern in the United States as this population of students is rapidly growing. This study investigated how two mathematics preservice teachers (PSTs) support middle school emergent bilinguals to understand cognitively demanding mathematical problems through task modification. Fieldwork with a concurrent intervention was designed for the PSTs to work with emergent bilinguals in a one‐on‐one setting. The PSTs modified cognitively demanding mathematics tasks and designed a lesson for the emergent bilinguals based on the modified tasks. The results revealed that the task modification made by the PSTs tended to shift from reducing cognitive demands in mathematics and language to maintaining the demands through learning strategies of contextual support.     

关于大学生对《大学生体育合格标准》承受能力的研究

以宁波大学为实例,在《大学生体育合格标准》的试行后通过对大学生心理、生理和能力等方面进行综合分析以及通过随机抽样、问卷表调查、座谈会等办法对各种数据(包括达标成绩、身体素质、形态机能、学习成绩)运用均数,标准差等统计方法进行分析处理,结果表明,实施《标准》既必要,也可行.在高校实施《大学生体育合格标准》的条件已基本具备,大学生对《标准》的各项要求是有承受能力的.     

Enhancing Formative Assessment Practice and Encouraging Middle School Mathematics Engagement and Persistence

In the transition to middle school, and during the middle school years, students' motivation for mathematics tends to decline from what it was during elementary school. Formative assessment strategies in mathematics can help support motivation by building confidence for challenging tasks. In this study, the authors developed and piloted a professional development program, Learning to Use Formative Assessment in Mathematics with the Assessment Work Sample Method (AWSM) to build middle school math teachers' understanding of the characteristics of high‐quality formative assessment processes and increases their ability to use them in their classrooms. AWSM proved to be feasible to implement in the middle school setting. It improved teachers' practice of formative assessment, especially in their feedback practices, regardless of their pedagogical content knowledge at entry. Results from focus groups suggested that teachers were better able to implement ungraded practice and student self‐ and peer‐assessment after AWSM, and that students were more willing to engage in complex problem solving.