基于粒子群优化算法的神经网络在农药定量构效关系建模中的应用

神经网络模型能有效模拟非线性输入输出关系,但其常规训练算法为BP或其它梯度算法,导致训练时间较长且易陷入局部极小点。本实验探讨用粒子群优化算法训练神经网络,并应用到苯乙酰胺类农药的定量构效关系建模中,对未知化合物的活性进行预测来指导新药的设计和合成。仿真结果表明,粒子群优化算法训练的神经网络不仅收敛速度明显加快,而且其预报精度也得到了较大的提高。     

基于配体与受体结构的酪氨酸酶抑制剂定量构效关系分析

酪氨酸酶是细胞内催化合成黑素的关键酶。 理解酪氨酸酶抑制剂结构与活性之间的关系对于设计新药和化妆品具有重要意义。 然而,酪氨酸酶抑制剂的定量构效关系仍不清楚。 本文利用配体和结构描述符构建了隐式和显式模型,阐明了酪氨酸酶抑制剂定量构效关系。 隐式模型的相关系数R高达0.961,显式模型的相关系数为0.775。 两个模型很好地预测了3个茶多酚的酪氨酸酶抑制活性,表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)>表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)>没食子酸(G)。 相关性分析发现,抑制剂与酪氨酸酶结合引起的构象熵损失与抑制剂的活性密切相关。 具有较少构象熵损失的ECG在4种茶多酚中具有较高酪氨酸酶抑制活性。 结合自由能计算也证实ECG与酪氨酸酶的结合能力最强。 此外,通过分解结合自由能发现,酪氨酸酶活性中心的氨基酸残基(His57、His201、Asn202、His205、Glu192和Val215)与抑制剂形成了较强的范德华和静电相互作用,进而稳定了复合物结构。     

Design, syntheses and biological activity of novel ALS inhibitors (IX)

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for herbicidal activity against rape of sulfonylurea and triazolopyrimidine-2-sulfonamide derivatives were examined three-dimensionally using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The CoMFA results show that the slopes in steric and electrostatic fields around the molecule were significant for both series in governing the potency variations in herbicidal activity. Based upon the successful superposition between the two series, the herbicidal activity was analyzable with a single equation for the combined set of compounds, which suggested that the two different series of compounds have a common region of the receptor site. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 29832050), the Special Key Fund of Natural Science of Tianjin (Grant No. 983801011) and the Doctoral Fund of the Education Ministry of China.     

循环子空间回归的一种快速算法及其在定量构效关系中的应用

循环子空间回归（ＣＳＲ）通过改变解空间的维数,可以获取一系列的回归模型,其中包括最小二乘回归（ＬＳＲ）、主成分回归（ＰＣＲ）、偏最小二乘回归（ＰＬＳＲ）和许多中间回归,从中可挑选最优回归模型。本文将分析ＣＳＲ的原理,给出一种可行的快速的ＣＳＲ算法（ＲＣＳＲ）,以提高计算速率和精度,并将其成功地应用于苯乙酰胺类除草剂定量构效关系的建模。     

一种新的分子拓扑指数及其在QSPR/QSAR研究中的应用

通过引入量子数、键参数,认为分子的性质与其中各原子的电负性、价电子数、成键电子数、价层主量子数及各化学键的键长有关,提出了一种新的分子拓扑指数mAY.采用该拓扑指数对饱和烷烃、烷基苯、烷氧氯硅烷、卤代苯、含氮杂环化合物、碱金属卤化物及卤化锡的性质/活性进行了相关关系的研究.结果表明,mAY与有机物和无机物的性质/活性间具有良好的相关性.     

Application of PCA and HCA to the Structure-activity Relationship （SAR） Study of Fluoroquinolones

1 INTRODUCTION The earliest antibacterial agents used as chemo- therapeutic drugs in the 1920s were synthetic agents, such as sulponamides. Since the discovery of peni- cillin and its entry into clinical use in the 1940s, the field has been dominated over the past 50 years by natural products or their semi-synthetic derivatives. The fluoroquinolones are the only synthetic anti- bacterial agents to rival β-lactams for impact in clinical usage in the antibacterial field. In recent years, …     

Oxidative Transformation of Dihydroflavonols and Flavan-3-ols by Anthocyanidin Synthase from Vitis vinifera

Twelve polyphenols from three distinct families (dihydroflavonols, flavan-3-ols, and flavanones) were studied as potential substrates of anthocyanidin synthase from Vitis vinifera (VvANS). Only flavan-3-ols of (2R,3S) configuration having either a catechol or gallol group on ring B are accepted as substrates. Only dihydroflavonols of (2R,3R) configuration are accepted as substrates, but a catechol or gallol group is not mandatory. Flavanones are not substrates of VvANS. HPLC and MS/MS analyses of the enzymatic products showed that the VvANS-catalyzed oxidative transformation of (+)-dihydroflavonols, such as dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol and dihydromyricetin, leads only to the corresponding flavonols. Among the flavan-3-ols recognized as substrates, (+)-gallocatechin was only transformed into delphinidin by VvANS, whereas (+)-catechin was transformed into three products, including two major products that were an ascorbate–cyanidin adduct and a dimer of oxidized catechin, and a minor product that was cyanidin. Data from real-time MS monitoring of the enzymatic transformation of (+)-catechin suggest that its products are all derived from the initial C₃-hydroxylation intermediate, i.e., a 3,3-gem-diol, and their most likely formation mechanism is discussed.     

五元杂环并嘧啶类胸苷酸合成酶抑制剂的构效关系和分子对接

用比较分子场分析法(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析法(CoMSIA)研究了38个五元杂环并嘧啶衍生物类胸苷酸合成酶抑制剂的三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR), 建立了相关预测模型. CoMFA和CoMSIA模型的交互验证相关系数q²分别为0.662和0.672、非交互验证相关系数R²分别为0.921和0.884、外部交互验证相关系数Q_ext²分别为0.85和0.81. 分子对接得到的结合模式与三维定量构效关系得到的结果一致. 结果表明这两种模型都具有良好的预测能力, 可应用于指导化合物的设计和结构修饰, 为进一步设计新型胸苷酸合成酶抑制剂提供了理论依据.     

Al-MOF基多级孔Al2O3固定化酶反应器的构筑及构效关系研究

针对生物酶在固相载体负载后存在的催化活性与稳定性之间“此消彼长”的问题, 本工作采用“自牺牲模板”策略以铝基金属有机骨架材料(Al-MOF)为前驱体设计制备多级孔Al₂O₃ (MHAl₂O₃)材料, 再以“聚多巴胺(PDA)”仿生膜对材料表面进行功能化修饰后用以固载辣根过氧化物酶(HRP). 通过调节前驱体的煅烧温度来实现载体孔径大小的调控, 探讨了载体的孔道限域效应对固定化酶反应器催化活性的影响, 所得固定化酶反应器的热稳定性和重复使用性显著提高. 为了解析固定化酶反应器的构效关系, 采用酶动力学和热动力学参数研究了固定化酶反应器催化过程中酶与底物的相互作用, 结果表明固载后酶分子对底物的亲和性和专一性得到提升. 将固定化酶反应器用于模拟废水中苯胺黑药的催化降解时, 表现出非常高效的催化效率.     

高效液相色谱法测定双哌嗪双季铵盐药物的分配系数及对构效关系的考察

采用高效液相色谱法测定了１０种新合成的双哌嗪双季铵盐药物的油－水分配系数,并对其毒性及生物活性进行了测试。讨论了分配系数、毒性、活性及分子结构间的关系,找出了２个理想的先导药物。