Stochastic sensitivity analysis of coupled acoustic-structural systems under non-stationary random excitations

This paper presents a new sensitivity analysis method for coupled acoustic–structural systems subjected to non-stationary random excitations. The integral of the response power spectrum density (PSD) of the coupled system is taken as the objective function. The thickness of each structural element is used as a design variable. A time-domain algorithm integrating the pseudo excitation method (PEM), direct differentiation method (DDM) and high precision direct (HPD) integration method is proposed for the sensitivity analysis of the objective function with respect to design variables. Firstly, the PEM is adopted to transform the sensitivity analysis under non-stationary random excitations into the sensitivity analysis under pseudo transient excitations. Then, the sensitivity analysis equation of the coupled system under pseudo transient excitations is derived based on the DDM. Moreover, the HPD integration method is used to efficiently solve the sensitivity analysis equation under pseudo transient excitations in a reduced-order modal space. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.     

Tensile properties of microtubules: A study by nonlinear molecular structural mechanics modelling

A nonlinear molecular structural mechanics (MSM) model is proposed in this paper for studying the tensile properties of microtubules (MTs). In the nonlinear MSM models, the interactions between tubulin monomers in MTs are treated as nonlinear axial and torsional springs, whose stiffness coefficients are extracted from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The Young's modulus and fracture properties of MTs under tension extracted from the present nonlinear MSM models are found to agree well with the existing simulation and experiment results, which shows the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed nonlinear MSM models. In addition, the nonlinear MSM models are also extended to investigate the tensile properties including Young's modulus and fracture strain of MTs possessing lattice defects. The results obtained from nonlinear MSM models are utilized to develop a predictive equation for quickly predicting the tensile properties of MTs with different lattice defect levels.     

基于三线性分灾模型的结构多目标抗震优化设计

基于分灾抗震设计概念,发展了基于三线性分灾模型的结构多目标优化设计方法。以防屈曲支撑为分灾构件的框架结构为例,针对分灾构件设计参数,采用多目标遗传算法进行分灾结构多目标优化设计。最终得到了分灾框架结构分灾构件用量和层间位移角等重要特性的多目标优化关系,并进行了相关讨论。结果表明,结构多目标分灾优化模型可以综合考虑结构造价和抗震性能等,并可以根据目标偏好有效地满足设计需求;分灾构件对抗震性能的作用随着震级增大而增强,使用分灾构件的结构能够更好地抵御强震的作用。     

碳酸钴中钴碳氮的测定与结构表征研究

碳酸钴由于受生产工艺的制约,生产的产品组分复杂,且市售碳酸钴产品的命名也存在多样性.采用X射线荧光光谱仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、元素分析仪、X射线多功能粉末衍射仪和红外吸收光谱仪对某碳酸钴产品的成分进行测定和结构表征.结果表明:该碳酸钴产品钴、碳、氮的含量分别为46.53％、8.31％ 和1.48％,相对标准偏差...     

Structural Entropy of the Stochastic Block Models

With the rapid expansion of graphs and networks and the growing magnitude of data from all areas of science, effective treatment and compression schemes of context-dependent data is extremely desirable. A particularly interesting direction is to compress the data while keeping the “structural information” only and ignoring the concrete labelings. Under this direction, Choi and Szpankowski introduced the structures (unlabeled graphs) which allowed them to compute the structural entropy of the Erdős–Rényi random graph model. Moreover, they also provided an asymptotically optimal compression algorithm that (asymptotically) achieves this entropy limit and runs in expectation in linear time. In this paper, we consider the stochastic block models with an arbitrary number of parts. Indeed, we define a partitioned structural entropy for stochastic block models, which generalizes the structural entropy for unlabeled graphs and encodes the partition information as well. We then compute the partitioned structural entropy of the stochastic block models, and provide a compression scheme that asymptotically achieves this entropy limit.     

Chemometrics: An Excavator in Temperature-Dependent Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Temperature-dependent near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been developed and taken as a powerful technique for analyzing the structure of water and the interactions in aqueous systems. Due to the overlapping of the peaks in NIR spectra, it is difficult to obtain the spectral features showing the structures and interactions. Chemometrics, therefore, is adopted to improve the spectral resolution and extract spectral information from the temperature-dependent NIR spectra for structural and quantitative analysis. In this review, works on chemometric studies for analyzing temperature-dependent NIR spectra were summarized. The temperature-induced spectral features of water structures can be extracted from the spectra with the help of chemometrics. Using the spectral variation of water with the temperature, the structural changes of small molecules, proteins, thermo-responsive polymers, and their interactions with water in aqueous solutions can be demonstrated. Furthermore, quantitative models between the spectra and the temperature or concentration can be established using the spectral variations of water and applied to determine the compositions in aqueous mixtures.     

基于多重子域代理模型的结构可靠性分析

基于合理子域概念,构建多重代理模型。多重代理模型在合理子域内采用经典响应面模型,在合理子域外采用经典Kriging模型,能够充分利用两种经典模型各自的优势。多重代理模型能够合理规避经典响应面模型中响应函数采取事先假定形式带来的可靠度评估风险,同时能够有效避免经典Kriging模型中试验点组合爆炸的问题。相比经典响应面模型,多重代理模型所需试验点数量并未增加,计算效率与经典响应面模型大体相同。算例表明,本文方法的计算结果与MCS的计算结果几乎一致,具有较好的计算精度。     

Modification of an implicit approach based on nonstandard rules for structural dynamics analysis

The present study aims to modify a recently suggested implicit approach consisted of the approximate Euler method and closed-form exponential mapping (herein referred to as the Liu scheme) for the dynamic analysis of structures. Such modification has been developed based upon nonstandard rules. The equation of motion is formulated in the augmented dynamic space to apply the exponential mapping as a group preserving scheme. The formulation of the proposed method involves the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions. The method is therefore prone to divergence due to the behavior of the hyperbolic functions in structures with a high ratio of stiffness to mass. In the present study, to consider the properties of the structural equation into the formulation of the time step size and thereby avoid the divergence, a parameter, known as stability parameter, is thus derived from the exact solution of the equation of motion based on nonstandard rules. Embedding this parameter into the proposed method improves its stability. Afterward, for evaluating the performance of the proposed method, it is applied to several structures with different loading patterns while implemented in programing environment of the Matlab software. The results are compared to those of several commonly used numerical methods in structural applications. It is found that the proposed method has acceptable convergence and accuracy, and low time consumption compared to several commonly used methods. Furthermore, its stability is guaranteed by embedding the stability parameter into the proposed method.     

Secondary Metabolites from Hericium erinaceus and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Hericium erinaceus, a culinary and medicinal mushroom, is widely consumed in Asian countries. Chemical investigation on the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus led to the isolation of one new ergostane-type sterol fatty acid ester, erinarol K (1); and eleven known compounds: 5α,8α -epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-yl linoleate (2); ethyl linoleate (3); linoleic acid (4); hericene A (5); hericene D (6); hericene E (7); ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (8); hericenone F (9); ergosterol (10); ergosterol peroxide (11); 3β,5α,6α,22E-ergosta-7,22-diene-3,5,6-triol 6-oleate (12). The chemical structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, mass spectra, etc. Anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated aromatic compounds (5–7, 9) were evaluated in terms of inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator (TNF-α, IL-6 and NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that compounds 5 and 9 exhibited moderate activity against TNF-α (IC₅₀: 78.50 μM and 62.46 μM), IL-6 (IC₅₀: 56.33 μM and 48.50 μM) and NO (IC₅₀: 87.31 μM and 76.16 μM) secretion. These results supply new information about the secondary metabolites of Hericium erinaceus and their anti-inflammatory effects.