全文获取类型
收费全文 | 444篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 206篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 67篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
数学 | 92篇 |
物理学 | 97篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 20篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有488条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
471.
The electrostatic fluid accelerator (EFA) generates ionic wind with a simple structure that barely obstructs the free air stream or produce excessive noise. This paper presents the velocity characteristics of an EFA under a high speed free air stream to simulate an EFA‐powered propulsor. The results show that when the EFA generates identical velocity to the free air stream, the EFA contributes 25% of the resultant velocity. When the EFA is replaced by a rotary fan that generates identical velocity to the free air stream, the fan contributes only 13.4% of the resultant velocity. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
472.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(8):1719-1739
Abstract Heavy metals Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Co from two spanish river sediments have been determined by voltammetric techniques, along with % CaCO3 and % organic matter, and the whole data set examined by means of Factor Analysis, finding a different behaviour of the metals in each river. Heavy metal speciation in the sediments was carried out by using the Tessier's scheme: Zn and Pb were mainly associated to ‘reducible phases’, Cd and Cu bound to ‘organic matter and sulphides’, and Ni and Co were distributed between the above fractions. The ‘residual’ metals were used as pollution indicators from the rivers, finding a similar behaviour to other industrialized river systems. 相似文献
473.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(15):1799-1820
Abstract A comparison of an enzymeless direct electrochemical oxidation procedure at a platinum electrode for the determination of uric acid, and an enzyme sensor with immobilized urate: oxygen oxidoreductase (uricase), was performed in flow stream systems. The uricase enzyme electrode is based on the H2O2 oxidation current. Both amperometric methods were related to the wall-known photometric uricase-catalase-procedure (UCM) as a reference method. The measured values of both methods are of the first derivatives of current change (dI/dt) due to the electrochemical or electrochemical enzymatic reaction, respectively. The analytical quality of the measurements is characterized by: precision s% within run < 2% day to day < 5% accuracy acceptable (control materials) correlation to reference method r >0.93 analysis rate 80 samples/hr 相似文献
474.
In this paper, we propose a spectral method for the vorticity‐stream function form of the Navier–Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions. The numerical solutions fulfill the incompressibility and the physical boundary conditions automatically. The stability and convergence of the proposed methods are proven. Numeric results demonstrate the efficiency of suggested algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
475.
本文研究了带二次耦合项的二维Logistic映射的性质和分岔行为,数值模拟了混沌的生成过程.若控制一个参数值近似为1,则产生近乎满的混沌区.这种混沌区产生的随机序列所生成的流密码具有很好的0-1分布、高线性复杂性、密钥敏感性等.最后给出了用于保密通信的模型. 相似文献
476.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis in different matrices of the marine environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna Filipkowska 《Analytica chimica acta》2005,547(2):243-254
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in marine samples of various types, i.e. seawater, sediment and mussel homogenate samples. The samples were spiked with standard PAH mixtures in both polar (acetonitrile) and non-polar (i-octane) solvents, then extracted. Extraction from seawater was performed by liquid/liquid extraction to hexane (LLE) and with solid phase extraction (SPE) discs. The water samples were filtered and unfiltered seawater, and redistilled water for comparison. The discs with PAHs adsorbed from water samples, and also the sediment and mussel homogenate samples, were extracted with acetonitrile by sonication. PAHs in the disc extracts and from the LLE were cleaned-up using TLC and next determined by GC/MS/IT (with ion-trap) and HPLC-DAD/UV. The analytical procedures were verified with deuterated PAH standard mixtures. The large differences in PAH recoveries (from 12 to 86% for sum, and from 3 to 135% for particular PAHs) do not depend solely on the type of matrix and analytical procedure applied (e.g. standard solvent, volume of evaporated sample), but also on the concentration and molecular structure of the analyte. Usually, only a fraction of each PAH content in the matrix is determined, depending on the particulate matter in seawater and the sorption properties of the solid matrix. The recoveries of deuterated PAHs are higher than those of non-deuterated compounds. 相似文献
477.
María Beatriz de la Calle Guntiñas Yolanda Madrid Carmen Cámara 《Mikrochimica acta》1992,109(1-4):149-155
A comparative study was made of several methods to speciale Sb(III) and Sb(V) by AAS: 1) Selective extraction of Sb(III) with lactic acid/malachite green graphite furnace-AAS, 2) Sb(III) and total antimony determination by hydride generation-AAS coupled to flow injection, batch, and continuous flow systems. These methods were applied to determine total antimony and Sb(III) in sea and surface water and total antimony in sediments and in soil. For soils different sample pretreatments were used: HNO3-H2SO4-HC1O4, HF-HNO3-H2SO4-HC1O4, cold aqua regia and slurry formation procedures in water and 4M HC1. In each case the recovery of total antimony and the ability to selective determine Sb(III) were studied. The detection limits obtained were 0.01 ng, 0.07 ng, 2.97 ng and 0.21 ppb for GF-AAS, FIA-HG-AAS, HG (Batch)-AAS, and HG (continuous flow)-AAS, respectively. 相似文献
478.
Matrix solid phase dispersion-assisted BCR sequential extraction method for metal partitioning in surface estuarine sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martínez-Fernández M Barciela-Alonso MC Moreda-Piñeiro A Bermejo-Barrera P 《Talanta》2011,83(3):840-849
The BCR (the Community Bureau of Reference) of the European Union sequential extraction scheme for metal partitioning in estuarine sediments has been accelerated by using a matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) approach. The MSPD assisted BCR procedure consists of passing the extractants proposed by conventional BCR protocol (0.11 M acetic acid, 0.1 M hydroxylammonium chloride and 8.8 M hydrogen peroxide plus 1 M ammonium acetate) through the dispersed sample packaged inside a disposable syringe. Different silica-, magnesium- and aluminium-based materials were tested as dispersing agents and sea sand was found to offer the best performances. Variables for assisting the three stages of the BCR protocol were optimized, and accurate results were obtained when assisting the first and the third stages (exchangeable and oxidizable fractions, respectively). However, lack of accuracy was observed when assisting the second step (reducible fraction) and this result agrees with most of the assisted BCR procedures for which extracting the reducible fraction is the most troublesome stage. The organic matter oxidation (third stage) was successfully assisted by passing hydrogen peroxide at 50 °C through the dispersed sample inside de syringe just before passing ammonium acetate. Therefore, the time-consuming and unsafe conventional organic matter oxidation processes, commonly performed even for microwave/ultrasounds assisted BCR procedures, are totally avoided. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used as a selective detector. The target elements were Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn (first stage), Cd, Co and Ni (second stage), and Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn (third stage). Repeatability of the method (n = 7) was good, and RSDs values of 9, 10, 10, 8, 8, 3 and 8% was obtained for Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn, respectively (first stage); 10, 9 and 9% for Cd, Co and Ni, respectively (second stage); and 6, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 9% Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn, respectively (third stage). The procedure was also validated by analysing two certified reference materials (CRM 601 and CRM 701). Good accuracy was obtained for the target elements extracted at the first stage: Cd (4.0 ± 0.1 and 7.3 ± 0.09 μg g−1 in CRM 601 and CRM 701, respectively), Cr (0.36 ± 0.008 and 2.21 ± 0.08 μg g−1 in CRM 601 and CRM 701, respectively), Ni (8.0 ± 0.3 and 15.4 ± 0.3 μg g−1 in CRM 601 and CRM 701, respectively) and Zn (262 ± 3 and 203 ± 3 μg g−1 in CRM 601 and CRM 701, respectively). Also, good accuracy was observed for elements extracted at the third step: Cd (1.8 ± 0.09 and 0.29 ± 0.03 μg g−1 in CRM 601 and CRM 701, respectively), Cr (145 ± 4 μg g−1 in CRM 701), Ni (8.2 ± 0.7 and 15.1 ± 0.5 μg g−1 in CRM 601 and CRM 701, respectively) and Zn (45 ± 0.7 μg g−1 in CRM 701). 相似文献
479.
用原子吸收分光光度法研究了潮州市西湖沉积物中的铜、锌、铅、镉、锰、镍、镁、钙等金属元素的含量及分布规律。结果表明,铜、铅、锌、镉和镍是主要的重金属污染物,沉积物中5种重金属的平均含量为:铜584.7 mg/kg,铅149.1 mg/kg,锌360.9 mg/kg,镉1.2 mg/kg,镍76.7 mg/kg,均高于我国土壤背景值。 相似文献
480.
Gh Jeelani Rouf A. Shah Noble Jacob Rajendrakumar D. Deshpande 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2017,53(1):18-35
Snow- and glacier-dominated catchments in the Himalayas are important sources of fresh water to more than one billion people. However, the contribution of snowmelt and glacier melt to stream flow remains largely unquantified in most parts of the Himalayas. We used environmental isotopes and geochemical tracers to determine the source water and flow paths of stream flow draining the snow- and glacier-dominated mountainous catchment of the western Himalaya. The study suggested that the stream flow in the spring season is dominated by the snowmelt released from low altitudes and becomes isotopically depleted as the melt season progressed. The tracer-based mixing models suggested that snowmelt contributed a significant proportion (5–66?%) to stream flow throughout the year with the maximum contribution in spring and summer seasons (from March to July). In 2013 a large and persistent snowpack contributed significantly (~51?%) to stream flow in autumn (September and October) as well. The average annual contribution of glacier melt to stream flow is little (5?%). However, the monthly contribution of glacier melt to stream flow reaches up to 19?% in September during years of less persistent snow pack. 相似文献