Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Industrial Aqueous Streams

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is a promising process for removing organic compounds from industrial aqueous streams. Over the last three decades a significant amount of research has been conducted on various aspects of the process including catalyst development, catalytic reaction mechanisms and oxidation reaction mechanisms, and the effects of important parameters such as temperature, pressure and pH on total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The Industrial Chemistry Group at RMIT University has conducted a significant amount of research on this process over the last several years focussing on organics removal from three very different industrial aqueous streams: Bayer liquor used in alumina refining; stripped sour water used in oil shale refining; and pulp and paper effluent used in paper manufacturing. Important results obtained on each of the aforementioned industrial aqueous streams are discussed in detail in this survey article.     

On the Unicity of Discontinuous Transitions in the Two-Dimensional Potts and Ashkin–Teller Models

Two distinct models for self-similar and self-affine river basins are numerically investigated. They yield fractal aggregation patterns following nontrivial power laws in experimentally relevant distributions. Previous numerical estimates on the critical exponents, when existing, are confirmed and superseded. A physical motivation for both models in the present framework is also discussed.     

Vertical Distribution of137 Cs in The Lacustrine Areas and Preliminary Results of 7Be Activity in Snow Samples at Terra Nova Bay (ANTARCTICA)

Abstract

¹³⁷ Cs activity in samples from lacustrine areas around the Italian base in Antarctica is reported as an integration of a previous work. Preliminary data of cosmogenic ⁷ Be activity determined in snowfalls, total atmospheric depositions, soil and air particulate collected during the 1990–91 and 1991–92 Italian expeditions in Antarctica is presented. The results obtained point out the efficiency of snow in the processes of air particulate scavenging and provide useful information for the development of research in Antarctica in the study of air/snow transfer processes by means of natural radionuclides.     

The structure of optimal consumption streams in general incomplete markets

We prove that for any incomplete market and any concave utility function the marginal propensities to consume and to save are always positive. Furthermore, we introduce a class of incomplete markets that includes almost all well known examples of market incompleteness in finance and macroeconomics. Two concrete examples are idiosyncratic income shocks and general, diffusion driven incompleteness. For all markets in our class we explicitly solve the associated utility maximization problem by a recursive construction and derive many important properties. For example, precautionary savings and the diminishing marginal propensity to consume. Effectively, the class is characterized by these two economic properties. We also prove that the growth rate of consumption is always larger when markets are incomplete and that precautionary savings are monotone increasing in the size of idiosyncratic risk. Our construction can be implemented computationally by an efficient, robust numerical scheme. We thank two anonymous referees for useful comments and remarks.     

A hybrid analysis approach for finite-capacity queues with general inputs and phase type service

A new analysis method for queueing systems with general input stream and phase type service time distributions is introduced. The approach combines discrete event simulation and numerical analysis of continuous time Markov chains. Simulation is used to represent the arrival process, whereas the service process is analyzed with numerical techniques. In this way the state of the system is characterized by a probability vector rather than by a single state. The use of a distribution vector reduces the variance of result estimators such that the width of confidence intervals is often reduced compared to discrete event simulation. This, in particular, holds for measures based on rare events or states with a small probability. The analysis approach can be applied for a wide variety of result measures including stationary, transient and accumulated measures. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

彩色超声多普勒脐血流诊断脐带绕颈286例临床分析

对探讨彩色超声多普勒脐血流检测仪对脐带绕颈的产前诊断效果，对在我院进行常规产前检查孕30周年的孕妇1780例进行胎儿脐血流检查，诊断为脐带绕颈者计算其S／D比值，并与产后诊断比较其一致率。结果表明，孕34周后脐带绕颈诊断符合率（95％）明显高于孕30－34周（75％），S／D值≥2．8者，出生后Apgar评分＜7分者明显增多。提示孕34周后彩色超声多谱勒脐血液诊断脐带绕颈符合率高，S／D值≥2．8者对胎儿预后有不良影响可能性较大。     

超声辅助碱解萃取-气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定海洋沉积物中8种多溴联苯醚

将超声辅助碱液分解杂质与溶剂萃取相结合,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测(GC-ECD)建立了一种快速高效净化、萃取海洋沉积物中8种常见多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的分析方法。样品在2.00 mol/L NaOH甲醇溶液中超声30 min,经正己烷萃取、单层硅胶净化、正己烷洗脱、旋蒸浓缩后定容至100 μL,采用GC-ECD分析。结果表明,PBDEs各单体的加标回收率为63.6%~110.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~15.5%(n=5);十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的检出限为0.097 ng/g,其他7种单体的检出限为0.002~0.011 ng/g(信噪比为3)。该方法的准确度和精密度较高,稳定性和回收率良好,可满足沉积物中PBDEs的分析要求。利用建立的方法测定了渤海表层沉积物中PBDEs的含量,8种PBDEs总含量在1.566~6.760 ng/g之间,其中BDE-209的含量为1.461~6.438 ng/g,总体呈现出由近岸向远岸递减的趋势,表明人为活动、表层冲刷和陆地河流的输入对渤海地区PBDEs的含量有重要影响。     

华南沿海末次冰期类黄土沉积的漫反射光谱与激光粒度研究

野外调查发现,华南沿海广泛发育一套黄色粉土沉积。为研究其特征属性及成因,选择具有代表性的3条粉土剖面及1个钻孔采样,使用漫反射光谱（DRS）分析和激光粒度（LPS）分析的方法,率先尝试从沉积物铁矿物的产出形式和沉积物粒度配分特征的角度,综合判定沉积物的沉积环境、搬运营力及成因机制。DRS分析结果表明,在黄色粉土的漫反射光谱一阶导数曲线中,铁矿物的特征峰峰高总体有赤铁矿（565 nm）>针铁矿(505和435 nm）的变化特征,与我国北方风成黄土的漫反射光谱一阶导数曲线形态吻合,均体现的是相对干冷的气候环境;而区内的河、海相沉积物曲线所反映的铁矿物特征峰的峰高变化与上述黄色粉土的变化方向相反,表明样品经历过充分的水化作用并长期处于潮湿的还原环境之中。LPS分析结果表明：各剖面（钻孔）黄色粉土的粒度组成均较为均一,粒组配分模式具显著的双峰式,两个峰值分别为主峰10～50 μm 区段和次峰<5 μm区段,与黄土沉积的粒度配分模式一致,是风成沉积的特征粒组构成;而与区内河、海相沉积物粒组呈单向变化的配分模式有显著差异。结合黄色粉土的年龄介于10～80 ka之间,以及正负地形皆广泛存在的空间分布特征,最终认为该套沉积是形成于末次冰期的风成沉积（本研究称“类黄土”）。     

汉江下游武汉段河漫滩沉积物吸附磷的特征

研究了汉江下游武汉段河漫滩7个沉积物的吸附特征及温度和扰动强度对磷吸附等温线的影响，用改进的Langmuir模型和Freundlish模型对实验吸附数据进行拟合，可得到最大吸附容量（Qmax）、原有吸附可交换态磷（NAP）、临界磷平衡浓度（EPC0）和固-液分配系数（Kp）的值．结果表明，改进的Langmuir模型更适用于描述汉江河漫滩沉积物的吸附特征，其物理意义更明确；Kp与Qmax呈较好的线性关系；沉积物吸附和解吸磷能力与温度变化一致；沉积物在等温吸附磷过程中，固体浓度效应在强扰动强度（200r／min）时最强。弱扰动强度（150r／min）时次之，中扰动强度（100r／min）时最弱．