Pulse radiolysis study of I− oxidation with radical anions Cl2 ⋅− in an aqueous solution

Radiation-chemical transformations of chloride solutions in the presence of iodide additives were studied by pulse radiolysis. Radical anion Cl₂ ^⋅− oxidize I⁻ ion, while in the secondary reactions Cl₂ reacts with I⁻ to form a mixed trihalide ion ICl₂ ⁻. A reaction model that satisfactorily describes the experimental data was proposed. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1336–1340, June, 2005.     

KINETICS OF NON-ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) MODIFIED BY POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL)

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) modified by poly (ethlene glycol) (PEG) were determined by DSC. The dual linear regression method was used to evaluate the relationship between the reciprocal of t 1/2 ( the half life of crystallization) and the appropriate temperature variable. The parameters such as the activation energy (Ed) for transport, the equilibrium melting temperature (T_m~0),the nucleation parameter (ψ),themaximum crystallization temperature (T_(e, max)), and the kinetic crystallizability (G) for the copolyesters were obtained. The influence of the PEG content in PET chains on the parameters characterizing crystallization kinetics and crystallization thermodynamics was discussed.     

金属羰基化合物的结构对氧原子转移反应速率的影响

本文研究了氧化三甲胺Ｍｅ３ＮＯ与羰基簇合物Ｍ４（ＣＯ）１２－ｎＬｎ（Ｍ＝Ｃｏ，Ｉｒ；ｎ＝１，２；Ｌ＝磷配体）的氧转移反应动力学，讨论了反应机理。反应符合二级速率方程：ｒ＝Ｋ２［Ｍｅ３ＮＯ］［Ｍ４（ＣＯ）１２－ｎＬｎ］Ｍ４（ＣＯ）１２－ｎＬｎ的氧转移反应活性呈现如下顺序：中心元素不同时Ｃｏ４（ＣＯ）１２－ｎＬｎ＜Ｉｒ４（ＣＯ）１２－ｎＬｎ；取代配体不同时Ｍ４（ＣＯ）１２－ｎ（Ｐ（ＯＭｅ）３）ｎ＞Ｍ４     

Amino acid end-group in commercial heparin. III. Determination of the number of amino groups of amino acid and hexosamine residues per heparin molecule

The reactions of heparin with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) were studied spectrometrically. Seven different commercial heparins were used in this study. The amino groups react with TNBS to form equimolar amounts of trinitrophenylated (TNP) amino groups and bisulfite ions. The TNP-amino groups further react with bisulfite ions to form the monosubstituted anionic sigma complex. The absorption spectrum with two maxima at approximately 350 nm and approximately 420 nm, characteristic of either the TNP-amino groups or the complex, was analyzed for the reaction of TNBS with heparin. It was shown that the reactivities of TNBS with amino groups from α-amino acid and hexosamine residues are greatly different. By combining the results of the reaction kinetics and the reaction of heparin with Sanger's reagent, the number of the α-amino groups and the free amino groups in hexosamine residues were determined. These data have been performed with a range of heparins from different commercial sources, of different activities and physical characteristics. No correlation was found between the free amino contents of these heparins and biological potency. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of the Zn(II) Complex with Norfloxacin in Static Air Atmosphere

The thermal decomposition of Zn[NFA]₂5H₂O (NFA=C₁₆H₁₈FN₃O₃, norfloxacin) and its kinetics were studied under non-isothermal conditions in air by TG-DTG and DTA methods. The intermediate and residue for each decomposition were identified from the TG curve. The non-isothermal kinetic data were analyzed by means of the Achar method and the Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan (MKN) method. The possible reaction mechanisms were investigated by comparing the kinetic parameters. The kinetic equation for the second stage can be expressed as d/dt=Aexp(–E/RT)(1–).This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism and Kinetics of Thermal Dissociation of Inclusion Complex of Benzaldehyde with β-Cyclodextrin

The inclusion complex of benzaldehyde (BA) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was prepared and was studied by thermal analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The composition of the complex was identified by TG and elemental analysis as β-CD·BA·9H₂O. TG and DSC studies showed that the thermal dissociation of β-CD·BA·9H₂O took place in three stages: dehydration in the range 70-120°C; dissociation of β-CD·BA in the range 235-270°C; and decomposition of β-CD above 280°C. The kinetics of dissociation of β-CD·BA in flowing dry nitrogen was studied by means of TG both at constant temperature and at linearly increasing temperature. The results showed that the dissociation of β-CD·BA was dominated by a one-dimensional random nucleation and subsequent growth process (A₂). The activation energy E was 124. 8 kJ mol^-1, and the pre-exponential factor A 5.04·10¹¹ min^-1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hydrolysis of phosphorus acid esters in the sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate—<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-nonane—polyethylene glycol—water supramolecular system before and after the percolation threshold

The kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl chloromethylphosphonate in a sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate—n-nonane—polyethylene glycol—water reverse micellar system was studied in a wide range of concentrations of the surfactant and water. The sign of the catalytic effect of micelles is inverted in the presence of the polymer. A sharp change in the apparent rate constant of hydrolysis of the phosphonate was found in a region of the temperature percolation threshold. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 60–67, January, 2007.     

Kinetics and mechanism of gold dissolution in thiourea solutions: Effect of sulfide ions

Chronoamperograms for gold in solutions containing 0.1 M thiourea, 0.5 M H₂SO₄, and catalytically active sulfide ions at the concentration c ₁ from 1 × 10^?5 to 4 × 10^?5 M are obtained at different potentials with the aid of an automated setup intended for renewing the electrode surface directly in the solution by cutting off a thin surface layer of the metal. It is shown that the results of measurements of the current practically coincide at a constant value of the product c ₁ t, where t is the time period elapsed after the renewal of the electrode surface. Such a coincidence testifies to a diffusion nature of processes that hamper accumulation of sulfide ions at the gold surface. This fact permitted the use of a procedure developed previously for the calculation of polarization curves at constant values of surface coverage θ by catalytically active ions. At θ = const, the voltammetric curves for gold in sulfide-containing thiourea solutions are shown to correspond to the Tafel equation. With the surface coverage increasing, the effective values of the exchange current i ₀, transfer coefficient α, and anodic reaction order with respect to thiourea P _a increase from the values i }~ 10^?5 A cm^?2, α }~ 0.12, and P _a = 0.2, which are characteristic of pure solutions, to 2 × 10^?4 A cm^?2, α }~ 0.5, and P _a = 1.1 (at θ }~ 0.5). An interpretation to the established regularities is given.     

甲烷在SrO-La2O3/CaO催化剂上的氧化偶联Ⅱ.反应动力学的研究

在２０％Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＣａＯ（ＬＣ）催化剂中添加ＳｒＯ（添加ＳｒＯ的ＬＣ以ＳＬＣ表示）明显地提高了反应活性和Ｃ２选择性。反应动力学研究表明，ＬＣ和ＳＬＣ催化剂在甲烷氧化偶联反应中，在表观活化能和表观反应级数上存在很大的差异。ＬＣ催化剂在ＣＨ４转化以及Ｃ２和ＣＯｘ形成过程中，表观活化能大于ＳＬＣ催化剂，而ＳＬＣ催化剂的指前因子小于ＬＣ体系，两者存在着补偿形象。ＳＬＣ催化剂的反应速率常数比ｋｃ２／ｋＣＨ     

THE POLYMERIZATION OF AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC DINITRILES

This review is a concise survey about the works in our laboratory on the polymerization of aromatic and heterocyclic dinitriles, including the polymerization kinetics and mechanism, synthesis of heterocyclic dinitriles, the structure of polymers, and the correlation between the structures of dinitriles and polymerization rates and thermal performances of Polymers.