Targeted Synthesis of 3,3′-, 3,4′- and 3,6′-Phenylpropanoid Sucrose Esters

In this study, we report on an orthogonal strategy for the precise synthesis of 3,3′-, 3,4′-, and 3,6′-phenylpropanoid sucrose esters (PSEs). The strategy relies on carefully selected protecting groups and deprotecting agents, taking into consideration the reactivity of the four free hydroxyl groups of the key starting material: di-isopropylidene sucrose 2. The synthetic strategy is general, and potentially applies to the preparation of many natural and unnatural PSEs, especially those substituted at 3-, 3′-, 4′- and 6′-positions of PSEs.     

强动载荷下结构的柔性防护和刚性防护

通过研究柔性防护和刚性防护方面的实例,结合作者的研究结果,对应力波效应和材料动态特性效应如何影响强动载荷下的结构安全防护进行了分析和讨论。研究表明,在研究强动载荷下的结构安全防护时,不论结构承受的是爆炸冲击波还是弹体的直接撞击,都应该考虑结构与周围介质中的波传播效应与材料的应变率效应,以及这两者之间的互相联系和互相耦合。     

地下结构物外加电流阴极保护用阳极评述

本文分析了地下结构物外加电流阴极保护用阳极的工况环境条件 ;并对各类阳极材料的性能特点进行了评述 ;探讨了埋地辅助阳极材料的发展与应用方向 .     

Reactive interaction of aromatic amines with dialdehyde cellulose gel

A new chromatographic method was developed for separation of amines based on their interaction with aldehyde groups in stationary phase. Expecting specific interaction with aldehyde groups through imine formation (Schiff base), we introduced dialdehyde groups to a commercial cellulose packing by periodate oxidation and examined eluting behavior of various aromatic amines. Primary amines with acid dissociation constants (pKa) greater than 6 showed no delay at pHs of 4.0–5.5, indicating the lack of interaction because of complete protonation. Primary amines with pKa less than 6 showed remarkable delays according to the amount of aldehyde groups on cellulose. The delay was dependent on the pH of eluent. The amines with pKa of 4–5.3 eluted faster at lower pH, apparently because of the change in proportion of free and protonated species. Amines with pKa less than 3.4 also showed delays but they eluted slower at lower pH. The latter behavior can be ascribed to the change in the ratio of free/protonated species of imines formed. Certain degree of steric effect was also noted, that is, compounds with a primary amino group adjacent to bulky substituents (ortho compounds) showed weaker interaction with aldehyde groups than meta- and para-isomers.     

A Study of Excess Molar Enthalpies and Excess Molar Volumes of Binary Mixtures of 1-Chloropentane + 1-Alkanol (from 1-Butanol to 1-Octanol) at 25°C.

Excess molar enthalpies H ^E _mand excess molar volumes V ^E _m at 25°Cand normal atmospheric pressure for the binary mixtures 1-chloropentane + 1-alkanol(from 1-butanol to 1-octanol) have been determined using a Calvet microcalorimeterand from density measurements using a vibrating tube densimeter. The H ^E _m valuesfor all the mixtures are positive and V ^E _m values are positive or negative dependingon the mole fraction of the chloroalkane. Experimental H ^E _m results are comparedwith the predictions of UNIFAC group-contribution models proposed by Dang andTassios and by Larsen et al., and are discussed in terms of molecular interactions.     

The influence of steric effects on the kinetics and mechanism of SNAr reactions of 1‐phenoxy‐nitrobenzenes with aliphatic primary amines in acetonitrile

Rate constants are reported for the reactions of 1‐phenoxy‐dinitrobenzenes, 3 , 1‐phenoxy‐dinitrotrifluoromethylbenzenes, 4 , with n‐propylamine, and 1‐methylheptylamine in acetonitrile as solvent. The results are compared with results reported previously for n‐butylamine, pyrrolidine, and piperidine. Decreasing ring activation leads to lower values of k₁ for nucleophilic attack although this may be mediated by reduced steric congestion around the reaction centre. Specific steric effects, leading to rate retardation, are noted for the ortho‐CF₃ group. In general, reactant‐bearing ortho‐CF₃ group were subject to base catalysis irrespective of the amine nucleophile and values of k_Am/k_?1 are reduced as the size of the amine get bulkier. This is likely to reflect increases in values of k_?1 coupled with decreases in values of k_Am as the proton transfer from zwitterionic intermediates to catalysing amine becomes less thermodynamically favourable.     

平纹编织C/SiC复合材料低速冲击数值模拟

首先,基于空气炮装置进行了2D-C/SiC薄板在冲击速度为79~219 m/s范围内的低速冲击实验,对碎片云团发展过程进行高速摄影记录;其次,基于Autodyn软件正交各向异性复合材料模型,推导2D-C/SiC材料相关参数;选取SPH求解器建立二维计算模型,对实验工况进行数值模拟,并基于碎片云结构、B扫描检测结果和碎片云轴向发展速度验证了该模型可以很好地描述C/SiC材料在冲击载荷作用下的脆性特征和软化行为。最后,基于数值模拟结果推导得出了钢弹丸冲击C/SiC材料的极限侵彻深度预测公式。     

Dynamic Processes of Rhenium Polyhydride Complexes

Studies have demonstrated that high-coordination-number rhenium polyhydride complexes are precursors to catalysts that transform a variety of organic molecules. While rhenium polyhydride complexes lead to active catalysts, little has been reported on the mechanisms for the transformations. High-coordination-number rhenium polyhydride complexes exhibit several dynamic processes that make characterizations of the chemical properties for individual atoms difficult, at best, for room-temperature solutions. This review describes what is known of the dynamic processes that occur at high-coordination-number rhenium polyhydride complexes and how that knowledge may lead to the design of catalytic precursors in which the chemical properties of individual atoms can be more readily identified in room-temperature solutions.     

1 064, 532和680 nm波长的反射-吸收复合型防护膜的研制

 针对1 064, 532 和 680 nm波长激光, 以聚碳酸酯 （PC） 为镀膜基底, 钕玻璃激光中心波长为1 064 nm, 采用六分之一加三分之一膜系的反射膜系设计,以氧化锆为高折射率膜层材料,氯化酞菁铝掺杂的氧化硅为低折射率膜层材料,通过溶胶-凝胶法镀21层膜,并在多层反射膜与PC基底之间插入张力匹配层,实现了钕玻璃激光器1 064 nm主频和532 nm二倍频波长激光的反射,以及680 nm波长红宝石激光的同时吸收,1 064,532和680 nm波长处的透射率分别为1.67％,18.24％和2.4％。     

高导C/C材料在疏导式热防护中的应用探索

针对高超声速飞行器飞行时气动加热严重的问题,为了保证高升阻比外形,提出疏导式热防护结构,建立了一套内置高导C/C材料的疏导式热防护结构原理模型,通过数值模拟和电弧风洞的方法对疏导式热防护结构进行了分析,得到内置高导C/C材料的防热效果.数值模拟结果表明来流马赫数为8时,模型驻点温度下降了500度,柱面最低升高了380度,实现了热流从高温区到低温区的疏导,减弱了端头的热载荷,强化了端头的热防护能力.通过电弧风洞试验可以获得相似的结果,内置普通C/C材料表层抗氧化层出现严重烧蚀,而内置高导C/C材料基本不变,验证了数值模拟方法的准确性以及内置高导C/C材料疏导式热防护结构的有效性.