拼接干涉仪在控制装校面形中的应用

通过对比大口径光学元件夹持不当时全口径与局部口径之间的图像关系,研究局部面形控制的新方式。并与高精度的大口径干涉仪进行比对测试,验证拼接干涉仪的测试精度。实验表明,拼接干涉仪局部测试精度可达50 nm(PV值).空间分辨力高达5 mm~(-1),可以实现中频段的装校临控。使用拼接干涉仪扫描测试全口径面形,测试不确定度小于100nm.与φ600 mm的大口径干涉仪测试结果差别小于0.04λ(波长λ=632.8 nm)。     

A version of Stöber synthesis enabling the facile prediction of silica nanospheres size for the fabrication of opal photonic crystals

A sol-gel synthesis procedure based on the method proposed by Stöber et al. (J Colloid Interface Sci 26:302–315, 1968) has been adopted for the one-step preparation of mono-dispersed silica nanospheres. An excellent control of the particle diameter over a wide range is obtained by varying the amount of silicon alkoxide only, while the concentration of all other components is kept fixed: this allows the fabrication of artificial opals with a finely tuned and precisely predictable lattice parameter.     

Survey of Plasmonic Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Application

The unique properties of plasmonic nanostructures have fuelled research based on the tremendous amount of potential applications. Their tailor‐made assemblies in combination with the tunable size and morphology of the initial building blocks allow for the creation of materials with a desired optical response. In this respect, it is crucial to synthesize nanoparticles with a defined shape that are at the core of such developments. Moreover, the interaction of individual nanoparticles with an incident electromagnetic field cannot only be influenced by their structure, but in fact, also by their spatial arrangement to each other. To harvest such opportunities, a profound theoretical understanding of these interactions is required as well as concise strategies to create such ordered assemblies. A quantitative evaluation of their optical properties can only be conducted when discrete structures of high uniformity can be achieved. As a consequence, separation steps have to be applied in order to obtain materials of high purity and uniformity. This also allows for an easier structural characterization of the nanoparticles and their assembled superstructures. In this progress report, an overview about the current development in this field of research is provided.     

兔主动脉冻结过程中未冻水份额的研究

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)技术中的分步扫描(Stepwise scanning)法,研究了不同浓度的低温保护剂对主动脉血管冻结过程中未冻水份额的影响。研究结果表明:分步扫描量热技术可以用于血管材料冻结过程中未冻水份额的定量研究,而且具有较高楠度;随着低温保护剂二甲亚砜(DMSO)浓度的增大,血管的初始冻结点温度呈线性降低,但其冻结过程的未冻水份额显著增大,这是由于高浓度DMSO具有很强水合能力所致。     

Scalable bottom‐up assembly of suspended carbon nanotube and graphene devices by dielectrophoresis

Bottom‐up assembly by dielectrophoresis (DEP) has emerged in recent years as a viable alternative to conventional top–down fabrication of electronic devices from nanomaterials, particularly carbon nanotubes and graphene. Here, we demonstrate how this technique can be extended to fabricate devices containing carbon nanotubes and graphene suspended between two electrodes over a back‐gate electrode. The suspended device geometry is critical for the development of nano‐electromechanical devices and to extract maximum performance out of electronic and optoelectronic devices. This technique allows for parallel assembly of devices over large scale. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Fabrication and electrochemistry study of multi-thiol coronary molecule monolayers

Single-component monolayer of novel multi-thiol coronary molecule and two-component mixed monolayer composed of coronary molecule and n-alkanethiol on gold substrates are described. The assembly of monolayers is characterized by ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. The electrochemical properties of the single- and two-component monolayers are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. Coronary molecule with multi-thiol groups has the ability to form stable monolayer via the interaction of mercapto groups and Au surface. Electrochemical impedance measurements indicate that 89.9% of the gold surface is blocked by the coronary molecule, which is attributed to the special spatial structure of the coronary molecule. The uncovered site on gold surface in coronary molecule monolayer could be occupied by the second suitable molecule. The mixed monolayer prepared by stepwise assembly of coronary molecule and n-alkanethiol has complete compact packing and few defects.     

β-环糊精与18-冠-6超分子包合物的形成、结构和热降解

采用元素分析、¹H核磁共振谱(¹H NMR)和电喷雾电离质谱研究了两个大环主体分子β-环糊精(β-CD)和18-冠-6 (18C6), 结果显示, 二者通过简单地混合形成了计量比为1:1的超分子包合物18C6-β-CD. 基于二维核磁共振谱(ROESY)的分析, 提出了分子间相互作用的可能位点: 18C6更倾向于驻留在β-CD的小口端. 用热重分析和气相色谱飞行时间质谱比较了包合作用前后热降解过程包括降解度和降解产物的差异性, 研究表明, 18C6的存在促使β-CD提前分解, 同时, 由于分子间相互作用, 导致二者分解产物中大碎片的相对含量大幅减小. 这些结果显示, 一个柔性大环分子18C6和一个刚性大环分子β-CD之间通过分子组装可以形成超分子包合物.     

LBL分子沉积法制备葡萄糖氧化酶电极

采用以静电力为主的逐层分子交替沉积技术制备葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）电极.通过带有正电荷的聚二甲基二烯丙基铵盐酸盐（PDDA）和带有负电荷的GOD交替沉积在修饰有3-巯基-1-丙基磺酸钠（MPS）的金电极表面.以甲酸二茂铁为电子媒介体,用循环伏安法检测GOD电极对葡萄糖的响应.结果表明,当GOD电极组装层数小于4时,电流响应随着层数的增加而增大,超过4层时电流响应减小.其中4层GOD修饰电极的线性范围为0.55～6.63 mmol•L－1,当pH为7.0时,响应最大.同时电极的检测重现性能良好,相对标准偏差为2.4％.     

Cross‐linked Multilayer Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites and Permeability Properties

Abstract

Electrostatically layered aluminosilicate nanocomposites have been prepared by the sequential deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/saponite (PAH/PAA/PAH/saponite)₁₀ on poly(ethylene terephtalate) (PET) film. Exfoliated saponite nanoplatelets were obtained by extensive shaking, sonication, and centrifugation of a water suspension. To minimize permeability and improve the mechanical integrity, cross‐linking of composite films was carried out at different temperatures. The formation of amide linkage induced through heating was observed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cross‐linking of nanocomposites (PAH/PAA/PAH/saponite)₁₀ showed 60% decrease in permeability of oxygen when compared with the pristine PET substrate film. In contrast, water permeability of the nanocomposite membrane was not affected by heating temperature and deposition cycles.