波长选择算法在近红外光谱法中药有效成分测量中的应用

建立基于仪器分析方法的质量标准是中药进入国际市场的必要条件。近红外光谱技术以其能够反映样品的多种信息、易于在线应用的优势,应用于中成药生产的在线质量监控,可以提高中成药的质量控制标准,加快中药现代化的进程。但在近红外光谱检测中存在着各成分谱图重叠严重,光谱信息冗余,特征吸收区域不明显的问题,需要对采集到的波长进行优选,以达到提高模型预测精度和简化模型的目的。从近红外光谱方法测量中药有效成分的基础研究入手,以冰片含量的检测为例,尝试采用遗传算法与模拟退火算法结合的模拟退火遗传算法及物理意义相对明确的多链逐步选择法对校正模型的波长进行优选。结果表明,波长选择的方法可以使模型采用的波长数减少的同时提高预测精度,波长选择最多可将波长数减少84％,预测精度提高47.6％。     

An electrically light-transmittance-switchable film with a low driving voltage based on liquid crystal/polymer composites

ABSTRACT

As a typical class of electrically light-transmittance-switchable (ELTS) composites materials, polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films have been widely used in displays, smart windows, light shutters, etc. However, the commercialised PDLC film still requires a comparatively high voltage to maintain its transparent state, leading to huge power consumption and even a potential safety risk. In this regard, we proposed a ‘heat followed UV’ stepwise polymerisation strategy for preparing a kind of ELTS film with a low driving voltage (~20.7 V) through constructing a coexistent system of polymer dispersed and polymer stabilised liquid crystal (PD&SLC). In this new PD&SLC system, vertically orientated polymer networks were formed within LC domains to induce the vertical alignment of LC, thereby reducing the driving voltage. Also, the as-made PD&SLC film exhibited good flexibility due to the high content of polymer. Moreover, the effects of the liquid crystalline polymerisable monomers content on the polymer morphologies as well as the electro-optical properties of the as-made PD&SLC films were elaborately investigated.     

Separation of abietane-type diterpenoids from Clerodendrum kaichianum Hsu by high-speed counter-current chromatography using stepwise elution

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for the separation of abietane-type diterpenoids from the medicinal plant C. kaichianum, which were not separated in our previous study using preparative HPLC. The HSCCC separation employed the lower phases of n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (HEMW) 4:5:4:5 and HEMW 4:5:5:4 as the mobile phase for stepwise elution while the upper phase of HEMW 4:5:4:5 was used as the stationary phase. HSCCC separation yielded 90.5 mg of compound 1(kaichianone A), 137.7 mg of compound 2 (kaichianone B), 125.0 mg of compound 3 (teuvincenone E), and 227.6 mg of compound 4 (taxusabietane A) with purities of 95.3%, 97.2%, 97.8%, and 98.6%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. Compounds 1–2 are two new abietane-type diterpenoids while Compounds 3–4 are known abietane-type diterpenoids, analyzed by ESIMS and NMR data. The results demonstrated that HSCCC can be an excellent alternative for other separation methods. The two new compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against ileocecal carcinoma HCT-8 and breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells.     

物理实验的层次教学与思维能力的培养

本文介绍了大学物理实验教学中层次教学与思维能力的关系。提出了物理实验教学的最终目的是培养学生创造性思维能力。     

孢粉数据的回归分析方法

本文以内蒙古自治区东北部地区表土孢粉分析为例，应用回归分析方法建立孢粉－气候模型，并将该模型应用于相应地区的化石孢粉组合中，以研究该地区的古气候演变．     

Visualizing Loglinear Models

Abstract

We consider visual methods based on mosaic plots for interpreting and modeling categorical data. Categorical data are most often modeled using loglinear models. For certain loglinear models, mosaic plots have unique shapes that do not depend on the actual data being modeled. These shapes reflect the structure of a model, defined by the presence and absence of particular model coefficients. Displaying the expected values of a loglinear model allows one to incorporate the residuals of the model graphically and to visually judge the adequacy of the loglinear fit. This procedure leads to stepwise interactive graphical modeling of loglinear models. We show that it often results in a deeper understanding of the structure of the data. Linking mosaic plots to other interactive displays offers additional power that allows the investigation of more complex dependence models than provided by static displays.     

改善机场酒店预订服务的实证研究

本文拟通过构建模型,采用数理统计的方法找到机场酒店预订服务的关键环节,以提高机场酒店预订服务的效益和顾客满意度。通过对调研数据进行因子分析,找出影响机场酒店预订服务的各种潜在因子,然后采用回归分析的方法找到对顾客满意度最重要的影响因子,并在此基础上提出针对性地改进建议。     

多元酸碱分级滴定的可行性判据

1　现行判据的不可靠性在判断多元酸碱分级滴定的可行性时 ,现行文献 [1～ 4] 常采用 Δp K≥ 4 (或 Δp K≥ 5)、c0 Kn≥1 0 -8为判据标准。认为当 Δp K≥ 4时 ,可使分级滴定的结果满足 :误差 | TE|≤ 1 % ,滴定突跃 | J|≥0 .4 0 (目标 ) ;当 Δp K≥ 5时 ,可使分级滴定的结果满足 :误差 | TE|≤ 0 .5% ,滴定突跃 | J|≥ 0 .6 0(目标 ′)。当 c0 Kn≥ 1 0 -8时 ,可使最后一级 (总量 )滴定的结果满足 :| TE|≤ 0 .2 %且 | J|≥ 0 .6 0或 | TE|≤ 0 .1 %且 | J|≥ 0 .4 0 (目标 )。1 .1　上述标准并非达到滴定目标的充要条件计…