气泡流纳米流体的太阳能蒸腾特性研究

太阳能驱动水蒸发是光热利用的重要途径,光-热-蒸汽转化可通过纳米流体吸收太阳能生成蒸汽.本文提出光散射气泡耦合光吸收纳米颗粒强化光能转换的新思路,在太阳能纳米流体蒸发体系中引入气泡群,这些动态气泡作为光能散射与传递中心,延长了入射光路径并倍增了光通量;同时提供了极大的气液界面完成气泡吸湿,以及破水而出的炸裂扰动加速蒸汽...     

涡轮叶片前缘阵列冲击冷却流动及传热特性数值研究

本文采用SST湍流模型模拟了类前缘通道内蒸汽射流阵列冲击冷却的流动与传热特性,分析了雷诺数(Re=10000～50000)、孔径比(d/H=0.5～0.9)和孔间距比(S/H=2～6)对流动及传热性能的影响规律,得到了相应的传热和摩擦关联式。结果表明:在不同雷诺数下,d/H从0.5到0.9变化时,通道压力损失系数降低了76%～79%,靶面平均努塞尔数降低了45%～49%;S/H从2增至6时,通道压力损失系数增加了1.64～1.92倍,靶面平均努塞尔数增加了54%～64%;增大d/H、减小S/H可有效提高类前缘通道蒸汽冲击冷却的综合热力系数。本文研究结果可为未来先进燃气轮机高温涡轮叶片蒸汽冷却结构的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

空冷汽轮机低压缸马刀叶片性能三维数值分析

本文对某空冷汽轮机马刀叶片性能进行了不同工况三维数值分析。计算表明,所计算的低压缸马刀型在设计工况条件下,流动状况良好。在非设计工况,即小流量工况条件下,除第一级静叶以外,其余叶片排都存在大负攻角流动。     

蒸汽轮机抽汽口几何参数和工况对流场的影响

用数值模拟的方法对大功率蒸汽轮机抽汽口及抽汽道内的三维粘性流场进行了分析,研究了蒸汽轮机抽汽口几何参数(抽汽缝宽度、集汽室形状、抽汽缝位置)和工况参数(抽汽量)对抽汽口流场、周向压力不均匀度、流动阻力的影响．并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较。研究结果表明:增加抽汽量必然引起静压周向不均匀度系数和抽汽口总压损失系数的增加。抽汽缝宽度减小会引起抽汽口的流动阻力大幅度增加,从而减小相对抽气量和增大抽汽端差。集气室形状和抽汽缝位置的变化对相对抽气量、静压周向不均匀系数以及总压损失系数的影响不明显。     

饱和水蒸汽凝结对高炉煤气透平性能影响的研究

1前言高炉煤气透平（简称TRT）是冶金行业中的一项重大节能设备。国外较早研制此产品的国家有前苏联、法国、日本等。1967年，法国、瑞士、比利时合作研制TRT，他们采用向心透平，由于叶片表面积灰严重，无法正常运行。1969年，法国的索弗莱公司采用轴流式透平，用向透平喷水的办法解决了积灰堵塞问题。此后，日本引进索弗莱公司的专利，并加以改进，使TRT在日本各钢厂普遍应用。我国是80年代初开始这方面研制工作的，设计出的湿式TRT已在酒钢、武钢、唐钢等成功地运行。对高炉煤气透平，由于工质为煤气一饱和水蒸汽一雾状水滴一煤灰的…     

出气边形状对叶栅中凝结流动影响机理的数值研究

湿蒸汽两相凝结流中凝结过程对流场参数的变化敏感。本文对一个叶型五种出气边形状对应的凝结流动进行了比较,以初步揭示几何参数影响凝结流动的机理。结果显示,出气边形状的改变影响凝结流中水滴状态、熵增、湿度、出口气流角的分布。在本文计算条件下,当出气边为平行于切向的平面时,流动中熵增最小,叶栅出口处湿度也最小,其原因在于这种出气边形状造成的流场参数改变使叶栅中蒸汽凝结过程受到抑制,叶栅出口蒸汽仍然维持了较高的非平衡程度。     

Hydrogen production capacity of membrane reformer for methane steam reforming near practical working conditions

Currently, H₂ production techniques for application to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are intensively investigated, aiming to realize a clean hydrogen society. Due to the limitation by the thermodynamics of methane steam reforming (MSR), multi-reactions and multi-steps should be performed before the generated H₂-rich gas could be delivered to PEMFC, which inevitably increases the cost of H₂. However, using a thermodynamic shifting membrane reformer, H₂ could be produced compactly from MSR, provided that the catalyst showed high performance for MSR reaction and membrane efficiently removed H₂ from the reaction zone. We presented here a Pd-based membrane reformer for MSR reaction. In contrast with previous reports, nickel-based catalyst pre-reduced at high temperature was applied in this work, as well as high performance Pd-based membrane. The performances of the membrane reformer in terms of H₂ production capacity were also widely investigated. It was found that combination of an active catalyst for MSR and a H₂ ultra-permeable Pd membrane obtained high flux of H₂ across the membrane and recovery rate of H₂ in the membrane reformer. For instance, 98.8% methane conversion, over 97.0% selectivity to CO₂ and over 95.0% recovery rate of H₂ were obtained under mild working conditions. Simultaneously, the hydrogen flux across the membrane reached 18.6 m³/(m² h), and Pd-based pure H₂ production capacity significantly increased and reached around 387.5 m³/(kg_Pd h) in membrane reformer. Further work on stability investigation may develop an efficient on-site route of H₂ production process for application to on-site power generation using PEMFC.     

国产优化300／600MW汽轮机通流部分气动设计 第二部分：叶栅优化与完善化设计

本文介绍叶栅优化与完善化设计方法。针对３００／６００ＭＷ汽轮机高、中、低缸叶栅不同的气动和几何特点，运用Ｓ１流面正、反问题和杂交问题程序，对叶栅进行优化或完善化设计。试验研究和工程实践表明这套设计方法是成功的。     

Study of a Catalyst for Energy—Saving Natural Gas Steam Reforming

The DS-1 catalyst for energy-saving natural gas steam reforming was prepared by using potash as a carbon-resistant additive and adding rare earth oxide. The catalyst demonstrated good reducibility,carbon resistance, activity and stability in aging tests and 500 h stability tests at low water/carbon ratios.     

三维湿蒸汽流动快速准确数值模拟方法及应用

本文以解析化wilson点参数和相对饱和湿度算法为基础,发展了三维粘性非平衡态湿蒸汽流动的快速准确数值模拟方法,模拟了一实际运行机组低压缸初始凝结级内的流动,分析了与非平衡态凝结相关的流动现象。该方法可成为汽轮机湿蒸汽级流动的分析和设计的先进和实用的平台。