Synthesis of the Novel Chiral Catalysts by Click Chemistry and Their Application

Novel cinchonine ammonium salt derivatives have been prepared by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. Their chiral catalytic efficacy was investigated in the asymmetric alkylation of N‐diphenylmethyleneglycine t‐butyl ester in the water phase. As the special structure of the catalyst, its asymmetric alkylation catalytic behavior both in organic solvents and in water is satisfactory, which is environmentally friendly.     

Electronic Structure of Some Possible Organic Ferromagnets

A semiempirical method has been used to study the electronic structures of some π-bonded purely organic materials that are either known or proposed to have multiplet ground states. These materials are the precursors of organic ferromagnets. Narrow energy bands formed from the radical π-orbitals of these materials are necessary for the π-electrons to be unpaired. Favorable topological arrangements of atoms in these materials are needed to enable the spins of these electrons to align parallel, and hence yield macroscopic ferromagnetic ordering. Following ideas based on these studies, a new model for a possible organic ferromagnet is proposed and studied.     

Accelerating the calculations of binary detour phase method by integrating both CUDA and Matlab programming for GPU's parallel computations

The availability of state of art GPGPU cards can play a promising role in accelerating the calculations of computer generated holograms (CGH) where one of the main problems of generating such holograms is the need for massive amount of calculations. Both CUDA and Matlab can be used alone to fulfill this purpose but using both at the same time gives a number of benefits. This paper is dedicated to present a performance study of applying Fermi-Architecture CUDA-enabled GPGPU card for speeding up the calculations of binary detour phase holograms using both Matlab and CUDA programming.     

Photoinduced phase transition accompanied with the changes in magnetic properties

Recently, many studies have been started in search for materials which show a photoinduced phase transition (PIPT). In this work, we review two systems as typical examples of PIPT accompanied with changes in magnetic characteristics; (1) organo-metal complex [Fe(2-pic)₃]Cl₂ EtOH (2-pic = 2-amino-methyl-pyridine) and (2) III-V based magnetic semiconductors (In_1-x , Mn _x )As. In the former case, we show several nonlinear characteristics in dynamical process of photoinduced spin state transition from low-spin to high-spin states. In the latter one, photocarrier-induced ferromagnetic order has been observed by both magnetic and transport measurements.     

Superspace groups and superstructures: NbS3

The application of superspace groups to short-period superstructures is considered. For niobium tri-sulfide this is worked out in detail. It is shown that in that case the superspace group provides more symmetry then given by the space group of the supercell. Its consequences for the structure, the diffraction pattern and tensor-properties are discussed.     

Modification of hydrophilic channels in Nafion membranes by DMBA: Mechanism and effects on proton conductivity

Modification of proton conductive channels (PCCs) in Nafion has been achieved with the assistance of 3, 4‐dimethylbenzaldehyde (DMBA). During annealing, ionic clusters develop from small isolated spheres (1.72 nm) to wide continuous channels (5.15 nm), and the crystallinity of Nafion/DMBA membranes is also improved from 17% to 32% as shown by X‐ray diffraction. Molecular dynamic simulation reveals that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction between DMBA and Nafion work synergistically to achieve better phase separation. The morphology–property relationship shows that, versus various PCCs width, the corresponding proton conductivities vary greatly from 0.079 to 0.139 S/cm at 80 °C. By carefully tuning the width of PCCs, the proton conductivity shows an improvement of 22–34% as compared with pristine Nafion. A significant enhancement on the maximum power density is achieved for the membrane electrode assembly on Nafion/DMBA‐8h (as high as 1018 mW/cm^?2), yielding an enhancement of 39% on pristine Nafion‐8h (730 mW/cm^?2). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 52, 1107–1117     

高效液相色谱手性固定相法拆分BETTI碱及其衍生物对映体

在纤维素三（3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯）（Chiralcel OD-H）和Pirkle型(R, R)-Whelk-O1手性柱上对手性氨基酚1-(α-氨基苄基)-2-萘酚（Betti 碱）及其衍生物1-(α-苄氨基苄基)-2-萘酚和1-(α-哌啶基苄基)-2-萘酚对映体分离进行了研究，分别考察了在正己烷流动相中，碱性添加剂、醇类添加剂的种类和浓度对手性拆分的影响。结果表明：溶质在Chiralcel OD-H柱上的分离效果好，而在(R, R)-Whelk-O1手性柱上只有1-(α-苄氨基苄基)-2-萘酚部分分离。研究了空间立体结构因素对手性分离的影响，初步探讨和比较了溶质在这2种手性柱上的手性识别机理。发现对(R, R)-Whelk-O1柱，溶质与固定相之间的吸引作用很小，而对于Chiralcel OD-H柱，溶质在手性空腔中的空间适应性很可能是手性识别的关键。     

Eco-friendly solution processing of all-polymer solar cells: Recent advances and future perspective

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) exhibit great potentials in commercial applications. All-PSCs have observed steady performance gains with power conversion efficiency now reaching over 17% in the open literature. However, the current processing of all-PSCs relies predominantly on toxic, chlorinated solvents in moisture-free environments, representing a significant barrier for their commercialization due to the added costs to handle and dispose of such solvents. There is thus an urgent need for safe, environmentally benign, and sustainable ink-based processing methods to produce all-PSC devices reliably and reproducibly in ambient air. In this perspective, fundamental insights on the interplay between all-polymer blend morphologies and eco-friendly solvents are provided. Also, we discuss the recent successes of the green processing methods to manipulate the photoactive morphologies for high-efficiency all-PSCs. In the end, we provide an outlook on future challenges and opportunities of eco-friendly solvents processed all-PSCs for large-scale manufacturing.     

Uniform random colored complexes

We present here random distributions on (D + 1)‐edge‐colored, bipartite graphs with a fixed number of vertices 2p. These graphs encode D‐dimensional orientable colored complexes. We investigate the behavior of those graphs as p→∞. The techniques involved in this study also yield a Central Limit Theorem for the genus of a uniform map of order p, as p→∞.