Van der Waals状态方程可压缩多流体流动的PPM方法

基于流体体积分数的混合型多流体数值模型,将Piecewise Parabolic Method（PPM）方法应用于可压缩多流体流动的数值模拟,采用双波近似求解多流体van der Waals状态方程的Riemann问题．模拟高密度比且含有激波的可压缩多流体流动,典型的纯界面平移问题模拟结果表明,在接触间断的界面附近,压力和速度没有任何的振荡且界面数值耗散都被控制在2—3个网格之内;一维和二维算例表明,该数值方法可以有效地处理接触间断、激波和多维滑移线等物理问题,并能够比其它多流体数值方法更精细地模拟多流体交界面．     

A model for the stabilization of atomic hydrogen centers in borate glasses

A previously proposed model describing the trapping site of the interstitial atomic hydrogen in borate glasses is analyzed. In this model the atomic hydrogen is stabilized at the centers of oxygen polygons belonging to B–O ring structures in the glass network by van der Waals forces. The previously reported atomic hydrogen isothermal decay experimental data are discussed in the light of this microscopic model. A coupled differential equation system of the observed decay kinetics was solved numerically using the Runge Kutta method. The experimental untrapping activation energy of 0.7×10⁻¹⁹ J is in good agreement with the calculated results of dispersion interaction between the stabilized atomic hydrogen and the neighboring oxygen atoms at the vertices of hexagonal ring structures.     

Coupled van der Pol-Duffing oscillators: Phase dynamics and structure of synchronization tongues

Synchronization in the system of coupled non-identical non-isochronous van der Pol-Duffing oscillators with inertial and dissipative coupling is discussed. Generalized Adler’s equation is obtained and investigated in the presence of all relevant factors affecting the synchronization (non-isochronism of the oscillators, their non-identity, coupling of the dissipative and inertial types). Characteristic symmetries are revealed for the Adler’s equation responsible for equivalence of some of the factors. Numerical study of the parameters space of the initial differential equations is carried out using the method of charts of dynamic regimes in the parameter planes. Results obtained by both these approaches are compared and discussed.     

Effect of fluorine doping on highly transparent conductive spray deposited nanocrystalline tin oxide thin films

The undoped and fluorine doped thin films are synthesized by using cost-effective spray pyrolysis technique. The dependence of optical, structural and electrical properties of SnO₂ films, on the concentration of fluorine is reported. Optical absorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Hall effect studies have been performed on SnO₂:F (FTO) films coated on glass substrates. The film thickness varies from 800 to 1572 nm. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals the presence of cassiterite structure with (2 0 0) preferential orientation for FTO films. The crystallite size varies from 35 to 66 nm. SEM and AFM study reveals the surface of FTO to be made of nanocrystalline particles. The electrical study reveals that the films are degenerate and exhibit n-type electrical conductivity. The 20 wt% F doped film has a minimum resistivity of 3.8 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm, carrier density of 24.9 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ and mobility of 6.59 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹. The sprayed FTO film having minimum resistance of 3.42 Ω/cm², highest figure of merit of 6.18 × 10⁻² Ω⁻¹ at 550 nm and 96% IR reflectivity suggest, these films are useful as conducting layers in electrochromic and photovoltaic devices and also as the passive counter electrode.     

Rotational spectrum of the Ar–dimethyl sulfide complex

The rotational spectra of three isotopomers of the Ar–dimethyl sulfide (DMS) complex – normal, ³⁴S, and ¹³C species – were measured in the frequency region from 3.7 up to 24.1 GHz by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The normal species yielded 43 a-type and 79 c-type transitions. No Ar tunneling splitting was observed, while many transitions were split by the internal rotation of the two methyl tops of the DMS unit. In cases where the K-type splitting was close to that due to methyl internal-rotation, several forbidden transitions were observed that followed b-type selection rules. All of the observed transition frequencies were analyzed simultaneously using a phenomenological Hamiltonian also used in previously published work describing the Ar–dimethyl ether (DME) and Ne–DME complexes. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants and the potential barrier height to methyl-top internal rotation, V₃, were determined. The rotational constants were consistent with an Ar–DMS center of mass (cm) distance of 3.796 (3) Å and a S–cm–Ar angle of 104.8 (2)°. The V₃ potential barrier obtained, 736.17 (32) cm⁻¹, was 97.8% of the DMS monomer barrier. By assuming a Lennard–Jones-type potential, the dissociation energy was estimated to be 2.4 kJ mol⁻¹, which was close to the value for Ar–DME, 2.5 kJ mol⁻¹.     

Analytical Chemistry for the life sciences

Summary A course on Analytical Chemistry for the life sciences currently conducted at the Chemistry Department of Chelsea College, London, is described. This course has three main components: Lectures on the analysis of materials of biological importance, practical experiments using both chemical and instrumental methods, and lectures from experts of other departments on specialized fields of application.

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Analytische Chemie für die Biowissenschaften

Zusammenfassung Ein Ausbildungsplan für Analytische Chemie wird beschrieben wie er gegenwärtig in der chemischen Abteilung des Chelsea College, London, für Biowissenschaftler in Anwendung ist. Die Ausbildung umfaßt folgende drei Teile: Vorlesungen über die Analyse von biologisch relevanten Materialien, Praktika in chemischen und instrumentellen Analysenmethoden und Vorlesungen von einschlägigen Experten über spezielle Anwendungsgebiete.

     

Numerische Auswertung chronometrischer Gerinnungsanalysen von Humanplasma

Zusammenfassung Aus kinetischen Überlegungen zum Ablauf der Blutgerinnung wird eine einfache Eichfunktion abgeleitet. Die Funktion dient zur Bestimmung der wirksamen Konzentration von Gerinnungsfaktoren aus der gemessenen Gerinnungszeit durch lineare Regressionsanalyse. Sie ist der empirischen Näherung durch doppeltlogarithmische Auftragung der Konzentration des Gerinnungsfaktors gegen die Gerinnungszeit in der Korrelation zwischen gemessenem und berechnetem Kurvenverlauf überlegen. Am Beispiel einer Fibrinogenbestimmung wird die Auswertung der gemessenen Gerinnungszeiten mit Hilfe dieser Funktion gezeigt.

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Numerical evaluation of chronometric human plasma coagulation tests

Summary From kinetic considerations on blood coagulation a simple calibration function is derived. The function can be used for the determination of effective concentrations of coagulation factors from measured coagulation time by linear regression analysis. Concerning the correlation between measured and calculated calibration plots the function shows more conformity than the empirical approach by bilogarithmic plotting of concentration vs. coagulation time. The numerical evaluation of measured coagulation time in a fibrinogen determination is presented as an example.

     

Partial molar volumes of organic compounds in water. VI. α,ω-diaminoalkane hydrochlorides

Measurements of the partial molar volumes in water at 25°C of the mono-and dihydrochlorides of the ,-diaminoalkanes, up to a chain length of 10 carbon atoms, are reported. Volumes of ionization have been determined and the electrostriction of the solvent calculated. Effects of the substituents are felt up to the -carbon atom, but thereafter are only very weak or nonexistent.     

Theoretische Berechnung der Abh?ngigkeit der Standardabweichung von der Elementkonzentration in der Atomemissionsspektralanalyse

Zusammenfassung Zur Berechnung der Standardabweichung bei der Emissionsspektralanalyse wurde eine Formel entwickelt, die den Zusammenhang der statistischen Meßfehler mit der Konzentration des untersuchten Elements angibt. Die Formel wurde am Beispiel der Emissionsflammenbestimmung von Strontium in wäßriger Lösung überprüft. Es ergab sich gute Übereinstimmung zwischen experimenteller und berechneter Standardabweichung.

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Theoretical calculation of the dependence of the standard deviation in atomic emission spectral analysis on element concentration

Summary An expression has been derived for the dependence of the instrumental standard deviation in emission spectral analysis from the concentration of the element. The standard deviation of the flame emission determination of strontium has been calculated and theoretical and experimental data have been compared.

Die Arbeit ist im Institut für Kristallographie der Freien Universität Berlin während der wissenschaftlichen Dienstreise des Autors durchgeführt worden. Der Autor dankt Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Bradaczek, Dr. H. Labischinski und ihren Kollegen für die Hilfe und die nützlichen Diskussionen.     

Towards the development of a radioenzyme-immunoassay (REIA)

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Towards the development of a radioenzyme-immunoassay (REIA)