超声波专题设计性实验

在测量超声波在空气中传播速度实验基础上,开设了超声波专题设计性实验,分别增加了测量压电换能器的共振频率、超声波在空气中的损耗系数、超声波在水中的传播速度等实验内容,丰富了大学物理实验教学内容,拓展了学生视野.     

CCD光谱谱线标定方法研究

CCD作为光谱分析和测色仪器的光谱接收器件 ,光谱谱线定位受单色仪狭缝和CCD光敏元尺寸影响。提出采用最小二乘法做曲线拟合和质心法来确定光谱线在CCD上的精确定位 ,使光谱谱线的定位精度得到提高 ,并且不受CCD光敏元尺寸限制。实验结果表明 ,两种方法对光谱线的定位 ,具有重复性高 ,稳定性好等特点。在定位精度上 ,两者具有一致性。     

Growth kinetics of borided layers: Artificial neural network and least square approaches

The present study evaluates the growth kinetics of the boride layer Fe₂B in AISI 1045 steel, by means of neural networks and the least square techniques. The Fe₂B phase was formed at the material surface using the paste boriding process. The surface boron potential was modified considering different boron paste thicknesses, with exposure times of 2, 4 and 6 h, and treatment temperatures of 1193, 1223 and 1273 K. The neural network and the least square models were set by the layer thickness of Fe₂B phase, and assuming that the growth of the boride layer follows a parabolic law. The reliability of the techniques used is compared with a set of experiments at a temperature of 1223 K with 5 h of treatment time and boron potentials of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm. The results of the Fe₂B layer thicknesses show a mean error of 5.31% for the neural network and 3.42% for the least square method.     

Chemical kinetics at high pressure

Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance to include pressure as a kinetic parameter in the elucidation of inorganic reaction mechanisms. These studies have specially led to a better understanding and a systematic classification of solvent exchange and ligand substitution reactions of octahedral complexes of transition metal elements. The mechanistic picture for substution reactions on square planar complexes is well established and involves a concurrent bimolecular attack by solvent and the nucleophile on the substrate with a considerable discrimination among different entering groups. The search for factor promoting the conversion of the normal associative mode of activation into a dissociative process has then attracted much attention. Two attempts to induce dissociation, as studied by high-pressure NMR, are presented: one is to prevent the formation by means of sterically hindered ligands, the other one is to promote bond weakening at the leaving group.     

Theoretical research on the spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the square-planar CuS46− clusters in Cu(II)–dithiophosphonate complexes

The spin-Hamiltonian parameters (g-factors g_//, g_⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A_//, A_⊥) of the square-planar CuS^{6 ?}₄ clusters in Cu(II)–bis [4-ethoxphenyl-O-alkyl]-dithiophosphonate complexes are computed with the high-order perturbation formulas based on the two-mechanism model. The model includes the contributions to spin-Hamiltonian parameters from the vastly-utilised crystal-field (CF) mechanism concerning the CF excited states and the generally-omitted charge-transfer (CT) mechanism due to CT excited states. The energy levels of CF and CT excited states needed in the calculation are obtained from the observed optical spectra. The calculated results are in rational accordance with the experimental values. The signs of constants A_// and A_⊥ are suggested and the reasons of the very small g-shifts |?g_i| (= | g_i ? g_e |, where g_e ≈ 2.0023 and i = // or ⊥) are discussed.     

深空光通信中的图像信标捕获技术

为实现深空光通信链路建立过程中精确的对准,提出了一种深空光通信系统扩展信标的捕获方案。该方案以可视地球图像作为信标,在航天器上存储一幅信标图像作为参考图像,采用天线扫描的方式在各点对所瞄准的区域成像,利用像素扫描的方式,使参考图像和实际探测图像进行相关,在天线扫描完成以后,找出相关性最大的位置,即可认为在该点捕获到地球图像。在计算两图像相关系数的过程中,由于傅里叶梅林变换幅度谱具有伸缩及旋转不变性,因此利用傅里叶梅林变换即可消除两图像相关系数因为旋转和伸缩的影响。利用蒙特卡罗方法随机产生1000个视场,仿真结果表明,3σ内正确捕获到信标图像的概率为99.6%,表明这是一种可行的方法。     

基于高光谱成像技术的番茄茎秆灰霉病早期诊断研究

共采集了112个番茄茎秆高光谱数据（光谱范围400～1 030 nm）,结合图像处理和化学计量学方法建立了番茄茎秆灰霉病早期诊断模型。应用偏最小二乘法（PLS）模型的隐含变量载荷分布选取了七个特征波长（EW）,并建立了番茄茎秆灰霉病早期诊断的最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）模型。结果表明,经过变量标准化（SNV）及多元散射校正（MSC）预处理所建立的EW-LS-SVM模型获得了满意的判别效果,且优于全波段的PLS模型。说明高光谱成像技术进行番茄茎秆灰霉病的早期诊断是可行的,为番茄病害早期诊断和预警提供了新的方法。     

大口径光学元件中频波前的检测

大口径光学元件中频波前的准确评价已成为高功率激光系统中关注的焦点,元件中频波前均方根值是重要评价指标之一。根据波前中频检测频段及波前检测设备频响特性,将波前的中频区域分为两个检测频段,分别采用干涉仪和光学轮廓仪实现了中频波前均方根值的检测。采用大口径干涉仪可实现全口径波前中频区域低频段波前的检测,通过比对大口径干涉仪和采用小口径干涉仪结合分块融合平均方法的检测结果,提出采用分块融合平均方法也可检测相应频段全口径波前均方根。采用光学轮廓仪通过离散采样的方法检测大口径元件中频区域高频段波前均方根,针对不同离散采样方式的实验结果表明：33的采样方式能满足对410 mm410 mm口径元件中频区域高频段波前均方根的检测。     

宽带膜厚实时监控过程中膜层折射率的确定方法

为了准确计算出镀膜过程中每层膜的折射率，介绍了实时监控过程中确定膜层折射率的2种方法：一种是由实测的透射比光谱直接反算出膜层的折射率；另一种是用最小二乘法的优化算法实时拟合折射率。试验结果表明：在线反算适合单点监控，所得折射率误差小于2%。然而在实际镀膜过程中,由于宽带内膜层参数误差较大,一般大于25%。为此，采用最小二乘法拟合，即在整个宽光谱范围内采集每个波长点的信息，所得结果误差很小，一般都在2％～5%之间,有时可达到10%,在很大程度上提高了实际镀膜时膜厚监控的精度。     

用转移矩阵法数值研究二维正方介质柱光子晶体的传输特性

利用转移矩阵方法对二维正方介质柱光子晶体的传输特性进行了研究,数值计算研究了不同晶格、同一晶格柱体截面面积不同、放置方位角不同时光子晶体的传输特性。数值结果表明光子禁带的宽度与中心频率和晶格结构有很大关系,正方晶格更易形成平坦光子禁带,柱体截面面积大,则形成的禁带较宽,在其他因素相同的条件下柱体放置的方位角对光子禁带有重要影响。数值研究表明在正方介质柱下设计宽平坦光子禁带时,可以首先考虑正方晶格结构,其次设法使柱体截面尽量大一些,最后可通过柱体放置方位角来微调光子禁带的宽度与中心频率以达到设计要求。