二氧化硅包裹铋基黄色料的制备及其稳定性

采用沉淀法合成了主要成分为Bi_0.82V_0.45Mo_0.55O₄和Na_0.5Bi_0.5(MoO₄)的铋基黄色料,再用水解法对色料进行SiO₂包裹,制得了一系列耐酸性和耐温性均有较大幅度提高的包裹型色料。 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对色料进行了表征。 研究结果表明,在V(H₂O):V(TEOS)=1:18、摩尔比n(Si)/n(Bi)=4、反应温度T_b为45 ℃、滴加水的速度v_d≤0.3 mL/min的条件下,可获得厚度为100 nm左右、均匀致密的二氧化硅包裹层,且包裹色料呈鲜艳明亮的绿相黄,其色度参数L^*、a^*和b^*值分别为78.85、-6.85和71.63;该条件下所得包裹色料的耐酸性和耐温性最佳,色料浸泡于1 mol/L的盐酸中30 min损失量由未包裹色料的100%降至28.25%,耐温性由未包裹色料的600 ℃提升到860 ℃。     

柴达木唐古特白刺色素中矿物质元素分析

对唐古特白刺色素的矿物质元素进行了分析。结果表明,在色素中Na、K、Ca含量高,这与白刺生长在盐碱地有关;Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Se等必需微量元素含量丰富;有害元素含量低。为唐古特白刺色素在食品和饮料中的应用提供了基础数据。     

Fabrication and Evaluation of Gellan Gum/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Retinal Tissue Engineering Biomaterial and the Influence of Substrate Stress Relaxation on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Cell therapies for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatment have been developed by integrating hydrogel-based biomaterials. Until now, cell activity has been observed only in terms of the modulus of the hydrogel. In addition, cell behavior has only been observed in the 2D environment of the hydrogel and the 3D matrix. As time-dependent stress relaxation is considered a significant mechanical cue for the control of cellular activities, it is important to optimize hydrogels for retinal tissue engineering (TE) by applying this viewpoint. Herein, a gellan Gum (GG)/Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel was fabricated using a facile physical crosslinking method. The physicochemical and mechanical properties were controlled by forming a different composition of GG and HA. The characterization was performed by conducting a mass swelling study, a sol fraction study, a weight loss test, a viscosity test, an injection force study, a compression test, and a stress relaxation analysis. The biological activity of the cells encapsulated in 3D constructs was evaluated by conducting a morphological study, a proliferation test, a live/dead analysis, histology, immunofluorescence staining, and a gene expression study to determine the most appropriate material for retinal TE biomaterial. Hydrogels with moderate amounts of HA showed improved physicochemical and mechanical properties suitable for injection into the retina. Moreover, the time-dependent stress relaxation property of the GG/HA hydrogel was enhanced when the appropriate amount of HA was loaded. In addition, the cellular compatibility of the GG/HA hydrogel in in vitro experiments was significantly improved in the fast-relaxing hydrogel. Overall, these results demonstrate the remarkable potential of GG/HA hydrogel as an injectable hydrogel for retinal TE and the importance of the stress relaxation property when designing retinal TE hydrogels. Therefore, we believe that GG/HA hydrogel is a prospective candidate for retinal TE biomaterial.     

邛崃石窟摩崖造像的彩绘颜料分析与研究

四川省邛崃市地处成都平原,是成都地区发现的摩崖造像规模最大,分布最集中的地区。由于潮湿、半露天的保存环境,造像遭到严重破坏,缺少相关的科学分析研究。本文选用邛崃地区内花置寺摩崖造像、临邛镇磐陀寺摩崖造像和大同乡石笋山摩崖造像三处共12件彩绘颜料样品,通过超景深显微观察、X射线荧光分析、X射线衍射和显微激光拉曼光谱综合分析,获取彩绘颜料信息。结果表明红色颜料为赤铁矿[Fe₂O₃]和铅丹[Pb₃O₄];绿色颜料为砷酸铜[Cu(AsO₃)(OH)·2H₂O]和过硫酸三铜钠钾[KNaCu₃O(SO₄)₃];白色颜料为石膏[CaSO₄];黄色颜料为黄赭石[Fe₂O₃];黑色颜料为铅丹[Pb₃O₄]的变化产物,蓝色颜料为青金石[Na₆Ca₂Al₆Si₆O₂₄(SO₄)₂]。值得注意的是绿色颜料的分析结果,其中检出的砷酸铜类物质在近年中国西南地区彩绘分析中较常见,结合文献调研判断其为近现代人工合成颜料巴黎绿的变化产物,进而推测此处有近现代重绘可能。另外,首次检出过硫酸三铜钠钾成分的绿色颜料,丰富了古代彩绘颜料的分析实例,判断可能是某种绿色含铜矿物的变化结果。四川地区环境湿润,一些不稳定的矿物颜料容易发生化学变化,有的产生变色,有的颜色变化不明显,但成分已产生新的物质。通过分析邛崃石窟彩绘颜料,获取四川地区摩崖造像所使用颜料的相关信息,为颜料复原提供科学依据,同时也有利于文物工作者展开针对性保护工作,为四川地区彩绘石窟的研究和保护提供参考。     

水稻"斑马叶"叶绿素含量及几种酶活性的变化

以具“斑马叶”性状的水稻1103S、武金4B以及对照武金3B为材料,研究了该性状表达过程中叶片叶绿素、蛋白质含量及几种酶活性的变化．结果表明,性状表达期叶片叶绿素、蛋白质含量减少,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性上升;随着叶片复绿,各项指标又回复到低温处理前的水平．该性状的表达是由于阶段性叶绿素代谢异常所致,它不仅与叶绿素含量有关而且与POD、CAT、SOD等几种酶活性之间存在一定关系．     

薄层色谱法分离测定辣椒红色素中的辣椒红

薄层色谱法分离测定辣椒红色素中的辣椒红丁来欣,陈里（南京理工大学化工学院南京２１００１４）１前言辣椒红色素是从红辣椒中提取的一种天然色素,系多种成分的混合物［１］,其主要成分之一是辣椒红。辣椒红属于类胡萝卜素,是维生素Ａ的前体,对人体健康起重要作用,...     

Raman Spectrum of Vanadium-Zirconia Yellow Pigment

Monoclinic vanadium-zirconia yellow pigments were prepared by gelling mixtures of zirconium n-propoxide and vanadyl acetylacetone. The nature of interactions between the host ion and the foreign cation in the vanadium-zirconia pigment was investigated in order to contribute to a better understanding of the origin of this pigmenting system using Raman scattering measurements. The Raman spectra of powdered samples of the vanadium-zirconia pigment recorded between 100 and 1400 cm^?1 show the peaks at 991, 701, and 403 cm^?1 assigned to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching and bending vibrations of the V⁴⁺ = O bonds, respectively. The assignment of these peaks was discussed by comparison with Raman spectra of vanadium oxides and on the basis of V-O bond distances deduced from the Hardcastle and Wachs equation and from the valence state of the vanadium cation calculated by Brown in the valence sum rule. This suggests that the V⁴⁺ cations replace Zr⁴⁺ in sevenfold coordinated site in the monoclinic zirconia structure. The V⁴⁺ cation allowing the d-d electronic transition is related to the origin of the lemon yellow coloration.     

Photostable NIR-II Pigments from Extended Rylenecarboximides

A series of near-infrared (NIR) organic absorbers, named FNs and FPs , have been obtained with absorption maxima from 870 nm to 1100 nm and thus falling into the attractive second near-infrared region (NIR-II). The synthesis of their extended aromatic cores utilized an initial aryl-amination between 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide ( NMI-NH₂ ) or 9-aminoperylene-3,4-dicarboximide ( PMI-NH₂ ) with chloro-substituted 9,10-anthraquinones followed by a novel base-induced cyclodehydrogenation. A NIR-II pigment, compound FPP , was obtained through de-alkylation of a soluble precursor. The synthesis of this photostable pigment is high-yielding and avoids column chromatographic purification which is important for many applications.     

应用SERS滤纸基底检测饮料中违禁色素的研究

利用液/液界面自组装技术制备得到灵敏度高、均匀性好、价格低廉的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)滤纸基底,并使用该基底检测了饮料中可能掺杂的罗丹明B、日落黄和柯衣定等三种色素。首先分析了罗丹明B、日落黄和柯衣定的分子结构并对其进行了拉曼特征峰峰位归属;然后检测了罗丹明B、日落黄和柯衣定不同浓度水溶液的SERS光谱;最后在无任何预处理条件下,检测了饮料中的罗丹明B、日落黄和柯衣定含量。在一定浓度范围内,饮料中三种色素的浓度与其SERS特征峰强度分别满足一定的函数关系,其中罗丹明B和日落黄的浓度与拉曼特征峰强度之间呈非线性关系,而柯衣定的浓度与拉曼特征峰强度之间呈线性关系。评估了本方法检测饮料中的罗丹明B、日落黄、柯衣定的信号重复性及检测回收率,结果表明SERS方法可用来对饮料中罗丹明B、日落黄、柯衣定的浓度进行半定量分析。为饮料中添加色素的现场实时检测提供了一种简便快速高效的检测方式,可用于饮料的质量控制及市场监控。     

On‐site analysis of Chinese Cloisonné enamels from fifteenth to nineteenth centuries

A selection of 22 rare Chinese cloisonné enamels, from fifteenth century to nineteenth century A.D ., has been studied on‐site in the storage rooms of the musée des Arts décoratifs in Paris. The Raman signatures of the transparent and/or opacified glass matrix are discussed and compared with those that were previously recorded on glazed pottery, enameled and stained glasses. Enamels mostly belong to lead‐based potash‐lime glasses. Three different compositions, lead‐potash‐lime (fifteenth, sixteenth, eighteenth and nineteenth century), soda‐rich (sixteenth–seventeenth century) and soda‐lime (seventeenth century) are identified according to the wavenumber maxima of the Si O stretching and bending multiplets. Most of the pigment signatures are similar to those recorded on ceramic glazes and glass enamels, which proves the link between the technologies but a specific opacifier is observed: fluorite (CaF₂). Naples Yellow pigment variations give characteristic signatures. Additionally, a comparison is made with Limoges enamels (sixteenth–nineteenth century A.D. ). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.