兴国红鲤成熟卵子精孔器及精子进入区的扫描电镜研究

用扫描电镜详细观察了兴国红鲤成熟卵子动物极方向卵膜上的精孔器(Micropylar Apparatus)及其正下方位于卵子质膜表面的精子进入区(Sperm Entry Site)的微细结构。精孔器为漏斗型结构;精子进入区由卵子质膜表面特化而成,可区分为精子依附位点和精子入卵位点。研究表明,精孔器的     

超声检查在孕妇产前诊断中的应用价值

选择2460例孕妇为研究对象,探讨超声检查在孕妇产前诊断中的应用价值.孕妇20?28孕周时利用超声心电图对胎儿的先天性心脏病进行诊断,11?32孕周时利用超声对畸形胎儿进行检查,18?23孕周时对超声提示结构畸形的孕妇进行染色体侵入检查.结果发现,最终诊断出110例先天性心脏病胎儿,超声心电图检查共检出102例,诊断准...     

Morus alba Prevented the Cyclophosphamide Induced Somatic and Germinal Cell Damage in Male Rats by Ameliorating the Antioxidant Enzyme Levels

Cytogenetic analysis is essential to determine the effect of mutagens and antimutagens on genetic material. This study was done to evaluate the protective effect of root bark extract of Morus alba (M. alba) against cyclophosphamide induced somatic and germinal cell damage in male rats. The ethanolic extract of M. alba (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg, 2 weeks) was evaluated against cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg, single dose) induced nuclear damage. The sampling was done after 48 h of the clastogen treatment. The somatic and germinal nuclear damage was studied by bone marrow micronucleus and sperm analysis, respectively. Serum superoxide and catalase levels were estimated to determine the antioxidant status in each group. The results were analyzed statistically to find the significant variation. The administration of M. alba for 2 weeks suppressed dose-dependently the changes induced by cyclophosphamide. M. alba (0.5 g/kg) decreased the frequency of micronucleated erythrocyte, sperm shape abnormality and enhanced the sperm count, sperm motility and polychromatic-normochromatic erythrocytes ratio significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison with the cyclophosphamide treated group. The highest tested dose of M. alba (1 g/kg) produced more prominent suppression (p < 0.01) in the cyclophosphamide-induced somatic and germinal cell defects. The results also showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the serum antioxidant enzymes levels with M. alba when compared with the challenge group. The lower dose of M. alba extract (0.25 g/kg) prevented the CP-induced changes but was found to be statistically insignificant. Therefore, antimutagenic potential of the high dose of the extract of M. alba is possibly due to its antioxidant nature. The ability of the M. alba extract to prevent the nuclear damage could play an important role in overcoming several mutational defects that are associated with anticancer chemotherapy.     

The Role of Resveratrol in Human Male Fertility

Resveratrol (RSV) (3,4′,5 trihydroxystilbene) is a natural non-flavonoid polyphenol widely present in the Mediterranean diet. In particular, RSV is found in grapes, peanuts, berries, and red wine. Many beneficial effects of this molecule on human health have been reported. In fact, it improves some clinical aspects of various diseases, such as obesity, tumors, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about the relationship between this compound and male fertility and the few available results are often controversial. Therefore, this review evaluated the effects of RSV on human male fertility and the mechanisms through which this polyphenol could act on human spermatozoa.     

In vitro confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopic approach to screen the mode of action of Chinese herbs on oxidative damaged human sperm

This paper presented a rapid and reliable approach to screen the antioxidant active ingredients on human sperm from Chinese herbs by means of confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy. For the first time with the proposed approach, we performed the studies of rationalizing the active ingredients from several Chinese herbs. In this study, the FeSO₄/H₂O₂‐induced oxidative damaged sperm after co‐culture with compounds or active fraction extracted from some Chinese herbs commonly used in the treatment of male infertility were observed by using confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy. The Raman spectral fingerprints of the damaged sperm were very different from the normal ones, and the further statistical analysis were successfully used to support the results, these differences were shorten after co‐culture with the compounds or active fraction we had chosen, and the results were almost consistent with the traditional clinical trial results and other published data, all which showed that these compounds or active fraction were the chemogenomics of the Chinese herbs on anti‐oxidative damaged sperm. In brief, we demonstrated that by means of confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy, in vitro is a rapid, reliable and large‐scale approach to screen the antioxidant active ingredients on human sperm from Chinese herbs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,characterization, single crystal XRD and biological screenings of organotin(IV) derivatives with 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid

Organotin(IV) thiocarboxylates R₂SnL₂ (R = Me: 1: Ph: 2)/R₂(Cl)SnL (R = n-Bu: 3; Ph: 4)/R₃SnL (R = Me: 5; n-Bu: 6; Ph: 7), where L = 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-carbodithioate, have been synthesized by stirring together 1,2-hydroxyethylpiperazine and CS₂ in methanol, and then refluxing with a di-/triorganotin chloride. The synthesized products have been characterized by various spectroscopic (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, EI-MS) techniques and single crystal XRD. FT-IR data indicate bidentate binding of the ligand. The magnitude of ²J(¹¹⁹Sn–¹H) demonstrated a skew trapezoidal environment around tin(IV) in 1, whereas the metal geometry in 5 was between distorted tetrahedral and trigonal bipyramidal in solution. ¹³C NMR revealed four- and five-coordinate environments in 6 and 7, respectively, in non-coordinating solvent. EI-MS data agreed very well with the structural skeleton of the products. Single crystal XRD study has shown skew trapezoidal- and trigonal-bipyramidal Sn(IV) in 1 and 7, respectively. Compound 6 interacted with salmon sperm DNA (SS-DNA) with significant hypochromic effect and an intercalating mode of binding. Diorganotin(IV) derivatives (2 and 3) generally exhibited poor antibacterial/antifungal potential as compared to their trialkyltin(IV)/triaryltin(IV) counterparts (5 and 6). The in vitro hemolytic activities show that average lysis of human red blood cells caused by 1–7 was significantly lower compared to triton X-100 (positive control, 100% lysis) and not very much higher than PBS (negative control, 0% lysis).     

A dual-wavelength resonance light scattering ratiometry of biopolymer by its electrostatic interaction with surfactant

A dual-wavelength resonance lighting scattering (DW-RLS) ratiometry is developed to detect anion biopolymer based on their bindings with cation surfactant. Using the interaction of Hyamine 1622 (HM) with fish sperm DNA (fsDNA) as an example, a dual-wavelength resonance light scattering (DW-RLS) ratiometric method of DNA was constructed. In Britton-Robinson buffer controlled medium, fish sperm DNA (fsDNA) could interact with Hyamine 1622 (HM), displaying significantly enhanced RLS signals. By measuring the RLS signals characterized at 300.0 nm (I_300.0) and the RLS intensity ratio (I_276.0/I_294.0), respectively, fsDNA over a wide dynamic range of content could be detected. Typically, when HM concentration is kept at 6.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol l⁻¹, using I_300.0 could detect fsDNA over the range of 50-2000 ng ml⁻¹ with the limit of 3.0 ng ml⁻¹, while using I_276.0/I_294.0 could detect fsDNA over the range of 0.5-2500 ng ml⁻¹ with the limit of 0.05 ng ml⁻¹. Thus the latter so-called DW-RLS ratiometry is obviously superior to the former one. Based on the measurements of I_300.0 and I_276.0/I_294.0 data, a Scatchard plot concerning the interaction between HM and fsDNA could be constructed and thus the binding number (n) and binding constant (K) could be available with the values of 13.5 and 1.35 × 10⁵ mol⁻¹ l, and 11.9 and 1.65 × 10⁵ mol⁻¹ l, respectively.     

一个检测痕量汞离子的鱼精DNA修饰纳米金共振散射光谱法

在pH 7.0 Tris-HCl缓冲溶液及0.017 mol.L-1NaCl介质中,鲱鱼精DNA与10 nm的金纳米粒子形成较稳定的结合物使得金纳米粒子不聚集,体系的散射信号较弱。当有Hg2+存在时,DNA与Hg2+形成更稳定的DNA-Hg2+结合物,金纳米粒子聚集导致572 nm处的共振散射峰增强。在3.87μg.mL-1金纳米粒子-11.7μg.mL-1DNA-pH 7.0~17 mmol.L-1NaCl条件下,Hg2+浓度c在3.3~3 333.3 nmol.L-1范围内与572 nm处的共振散射强度增强值ΔI572 nm成良好线性关系,其回归方程、相关系数、检出限分别为ΔI572 nm=0.019c+5.0,0.999 1,2.5 nmol.L-1。该法用于水样分析,结果与冷原子吸收光谱法一致,相对标准偏差为5.1%。     

Sex promotes gamete selection: A quantitative comparative study of features favoring the evolution of sex

Explaining the maintenance of sexual reproduction remains one of the greatest challenges in biology. The theoretical oddity of sex is based on at least three advantages that asexual organisms have over sexual ones: (1) Asexuals, by not producing males, have a twofold advantage over sexuals, regarding the number of reproductive individuals; (2) sexuals have an evolutionary disadvantage over asexuals, in that a rare alleles that increases fitness of one parent, for example, is not necessarily transmitted to the offspring, due to segregation; and (3) asexuals do not have to find a mate in order to reproduce. Here I present the results of evolutionary tournaments performed using the agent‐based computer simulation Biodynamica. The tournaments explored the relative merits of various features that have been proposed to affect the putative advantages of sexual reproduction, including ploidy, mate selection, large reproductive variance of males, low mutation rates, gamete selection, reduced cost for the production of males, thelytoky vs. parthenogenesis, variable environments, and complex genomes. The model allowed for a quantitative comparison of the effect of these features on the adaptive value of sex. The results showed that the production of large number of gametes (for example “masting” in massive flowering of trees or spermatozoa of most animals) inducing gamete selection, together with nonrandom mate selection, increased variance in male reproductive success and/or low mutation rates, allowed sexual agents to out‐breed asexual ones, despite the three disadvantages for sex cited above. The wok suggests that gamete cycles and alloiogenesis, common to most sexual plants, fungi, and animals, should be viewed as a new level for natural selection to work. Mate and gamete selection are more efficient in the use of biomass, energy, and time than natural selection at the level of organisms, helping to make sexual reproduction an evolutionary success. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 43–51, 2004     

精亏不育与锌锰

以临床典型精亏不育病案为例，探讨了中医中药传统和微量元素的关系，重点讨论了微量元素锌、锰、与精亏不育的病因病理和治疗的关系。