Effect of specific adsorption of anions on the kinetics of the current relaxation after pulsed anodic activation of dissolution of hydrophilic metals

Based on the model of spatial separation of the dissolution and passivation of hydrophilic metals, the effect of strong specific adsorption of anions on the shape of curves for the relaxation of anodic current of metals in acid solutions after switching an anodic activation pulse off is considered by using iron as an example.     

High-precision adiabatic calorimetry and the specific heat of cyclopentane at low temperature

We describe a fully automated adiabatic calorimeter designed for high-precision covering the temperature range 15 to 300 K. Initial measurements were performed on synthetic sapphire (20 g). The statistical error of the apparatus estimated from the scattering of theC _p data of sapphire is about 0.1% and the average absolute error of specific heat between 100 and 300 K was 0.7% compared to values given in the literature. The heat capacity and the three phase transitions of cyclopentane (C₅H₁₀) which is recommended as a standard for the temperature calibration of scanning calorimeters have also been measured. The transition temperatures were determined to be (literature values in parentheses): 122.23 K (122.39 K) 138.35 K (138.07 K) and 178.59 K (179.69 K), with an experimental error of ±40 mK.     

二次离子电池高比容量负极碳载体的研究进展

二次离子电池商业化负极石墨的比容量已接近理论比容量. 合金型负极和金属负极因具有高比容量而受到广泛关注, 但其循环性能差和安全性问题限制了实际应用, 据此提出载体设计策略. 碳材料具有来源广泛、 易于调控等特性, 常用作二次离子电池高比容量负极的载体. 本文从碳载体的孔结构、 比表面积、 电子导电率、 离子导电率、 杂原子掺杂和界面修饰的角度出发, 综述了其在硅基、 磷基、 锗基、 锡基负极以及金属锂、 钠等负极中的研究进展, 展望了碳载体的发展前景和方向.     

金属-有机框架材料孔结构的初步理论评估

金属-有机框架材料在气体吸附/分离方面具有广泛的应用, 因而引起国内外学者的广泛关注。本文以6种代表性的MOFs为例简单介绍了利用理论工具研究MOFs孔结构的方法。     

光纤生物传感器用于核酸的特异性检测

为了利用光纤传感器实现对细菌核酸分子的特异性和相对快速检测，我们使用直径1mm的石英光纤和635nm激光二极管，利用倏逝波原理制作了光纤生物传感器。光纤经过处理后产生醛基化基团，然后与核酸分子进行共价结合。通过3个实验来验证传感器的特异性和灵敏度。蒌光素溶液直接检测，使用互补模式寡核苷酸分子（25mer)进行核酸杂交模式实验和设计嗜肺军团菌一段特异性探针一 光标记嗜肺军团菌染色体DNA杂交。结果表明：光纤检测荧光素的灵敏度可达0.01mmol/L，而生物芯片扫描仪最低可检测到1nmol/L的荧光素；模式寡 核苷酸杂交表明：光纤传感器可以特异地检出目的核酸分子，灵敏度可达纳克级水平；染色体杂交结果显示在正常检测浓度下，光纤检测军团菌之信噪比达到了6：1，同时具有较好的特异性。检测时间约需要3－4h。我们构建的光纤生物传感器可以用于核酸分子的特异性检测，并且具有较好的灵敏度，对光纤表面修饰、样品处理和杂交过程的优化可望使之应用于实际标本的检测。     

热分析标准试验方法

本文参照国外标准及一些较为重要的文献,介绍玻璃化转变温度、熔融和结晶温度及比热容的热分析标准方法。     

利用偏钛酸浆料制备大比表面纳米管钛酸工艺的研究

以偏钛酸浆料为原料通过水热法合成了纳米管钛酸,并采用TEM,比表面积测定仪等分析手段观察其形貌和管径大小,测定了其比表面积和孔体积.同时运用正交实验法考察了反应温度、反应时间对纳米管钛酸比表面积和孔体积的影响.实验结果表明,所制备的纳米管钛酸平均比表面积高达 340m2 /g,最佳的制备工艺是:工业碱NaOH的质量分数为 25. 7 %、偏钛酸浆料的质量分数为 17. 1 %、后处理酸度为pH=1、反应温度为 120℃、反应时间为 20h.     

DNA microarray: a high throughput approach for methylation detection

We described a DNA microarray-based method combined with bisulphite treatment of DNA and regular PCR to examine hyper-methylation in promoter 1A of APC gene. A set of oligonucleotide probes were designed and immobilized on the aldehyde-coated glass slides for detecting the methylation pattern of 15 selected CpG sites in the region. The methylation status of 30 colorectal tumor samples have been examined by both of methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) and the present microarray method. The methylation pattern of the 15 CpG sites for the samples have been obtained with the microarray. A total of 19 samples out of 30 were methylated by microarray, in which five samples cannot be detected by MS-PCR due to the methylated CpG patterns not accordant to the MS-PCR primers. The detecting ratio for methylation of APC gene of colorectal tumor samples increased from 46.7% with MS-PCR to 63.3% with the microarray, which successfully demonstrated that DNA microarray-based method not only can obtained the methylation patterns for the related genes, but also decrease the false-negative results of methylation status by the conventional MS-PCR for the investigated genes.     

液相色谱-质谱法比较分析正常人与胃癌患者的胃组织蛋白质

通过蛋白质组学技术筛选胃癌相关标志物是目前胃癌研究的热点,也是早期诊断的关键。针对组织蛋白质提取物非常复杂的特点,并根据疏水性的差异,采用反相液相色谱对正常及癌症组织提取蛋白质进行分离。通过比较正常及癌症组织提取蛋白质的谱图差异,收集并酶解差异最大的保留时间为45～47 min的馏分,采用液相色谱-多级质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)鉴定其酶解产物。鉴定结果显示,正常及癌症组织中的共有蛋白质为9个,正常组织中有6个特异蛋白质,而癌症组织中有17个特异蛋白质。通过进一步分析,筛选出胃癌组织中含有的丰度较高的两个蛋白质。应用生物信息学方法分析这些蛋白质,能为将来的药物靶点、药物作用通路研究提供更多的信息。     

Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction

A comprehensive review of the development of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors using quantum dots (QDs) as integrated components is presented. In contrast to a QD that is selectively introduced as a label, an integrated QD is one that is present in a system throughout a bioanalysis, and simultaneously has a role in transduction and as a scaffold for biorecognition. Through a diverse array of coatings and bioconjugation strategies, it is possible to use QDs as a scaffold for biorecognition events. The modulation of QD luminescence provides the opportunity for the transduction of these events via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), charge transfer quenching, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An overview of the basic concepts and principles underlying the use of QDs with each of these transduction methods is provided, along with many examples of their application in biological sensing. The latter include: the detection of small molecules using enzyme-linked methods, or using aptamers as affinity probes; the detection of proteins via immunoassays or aptamers; nucleic acid hybridization assays; and assays for protease or nuclease activity. Strategies for multiplexed detection are highlighted among these examples. Although the majority of developments to date have been in vitro, QD-based methods for ex vivo biological sensing are emerging. Some special attention is given to the development of solid-phase assays, which offer certain advantages over their solution-phase counterparts.